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Information on EC 1.1.1.41 - isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) and Organism(s) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and UniProt Accession P28241

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Unlike EC 1.1.1.42, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), oxalosuccinate cannot be used as a substrate. In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD+-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP+-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm . The enzyme from some species can also use NADP+ but much more slowly .
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
UNIPROT: P28241
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
isocitrate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, isocitric dehydrogenase, nad-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, idh3a, nad-idh, nad-isocitrate dehydrogenase, nad-icdh, nad+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, nad-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
beta-ketoglutaric-isocitric carboxylase
-
-
-
-
isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
-
isocitric acid dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
isocitric dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
NAD isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
NAD isocitric dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
NAD+-specific ICDH
-
-
-
-
NAD+-specific IDH
-
-
NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
oxidative decarboxylation
-
-
-
-
reductive carboxylation
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
isocitrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Unlike EC 1.1.1.42, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), oxalosuccinate cannot be used as a substrate. In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD+-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP+-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm [7]. The enzyme from some species can also use NADP+ but much more slowly [9].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9001-58-5
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
D-isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH
show the reaction diagram
DL-isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH
show the reaction diagram
isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
-
allosteric regulation, enzyme specifically binds to 5'-untranslated regions of yeast mitochondrial mRNAs, and transcripts containing these regions allosterically inhibit the enzyme, which can be relieved by activator AMP in presence of isocitrate, complex formation, overview
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
D-isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
DL-isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
isocitrate + NAD+
2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
-
allosteric regulation, enzyme specifically binds to 5'-untranslated regions of yeast mitochondrial mRNAs, and transcripts containing these regions allosterically inhibit the enzyme, which can be relieved by activator AMP in presence of isocitrate, complex formation, overview
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mn2+
-
requires divalent cations
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
130-nucleotide transcript containing the 5'-untranslated regions of the yeast mitochondrial COX2 mRNA
-
inhibition with a 50% reduction in activity observed with 40 nM mRNA
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beta-mercapto-alpha-ketoglutarate
-
inhibition in presence and absence of AMP, competitive inhibition
citrate
-
with constant concentrations of isocitrate, NAD+ and Mg2+ up to 10 mM and without AMP, citrate is an activator
D,L-hibiscusate
-
with constant concentrations of isocitrate, NAD+ and Mg2+ up to 10 mM and without AMP, D,L-hibiscusate is an activator
D,L-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate
-
inhibition in presence and absence of AMP, competitive inhibition
D-malate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
D-Tartrate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
Diamide
Fluorocitrate
-
with constant concentrations of isocitrate, NAD+ and Mg2+ up to 10 mM and without AMP, fluorocitrate is an activator
fumarate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
homocitrate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
L-garciniate
-
inhibition in presence and absence of AMP
L-hibiscusate
-
with constant concentrations of isocitrate, NAD+ and Mg2+ up to 10 mM and without AMP, L-hibiscusate is an activator
L-malate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP, competitive inhibition
L-Tartrate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
Maleate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
malonate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
mitochondrial COX2 UTR RNA
-
-
-
mRNA
-
enzyme specifically binds to 5'-untranslated regions of yeast mitochondrial mRNAs, and transcripts containing these regions allosterically inhibit the enzyme, which can be relieved by activator AMP in presence of isocitrate, complex formation, overview
succinate
-
inhibition only in absence of AMP
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.11
D,L-isocitrate
-
-
0.09 - 1.6
D-isocitrate
additional information
additional information
-
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
IDH2
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
yeast IDH is regulated both by allostery and by covalent formation of a disulfide bond, and these regulatory mechanisms contribute to modulation of respiratory metabolism in vivo
additional information
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
335000
wild-type enzyme, gel filtration
123000
-
disulfide bonded form of subunit IDH2, nonreducing PAGE
303000
-
sequence calculation
335000
37500
-
IDH2, SDS-PAGE
37755
38000
38001
45000
-
IDHa, SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
octamer
4 * IDH1 + 4 * IDH2
octamer
additional information
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging drop vapor diffusion method
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
I221A/V225A/V229A
mutant enzyme IDH1-IDH2(I221A/V225A/V229A) shows an about 6fold decrease in apparent affinity for isocitrate measured in the absence or presence of AMP as compared to wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme IDH1-IDH2 (I221A/V225A/V229A) exhibits a moderate decrease in apparent affnity for cofactor (about 2.5fold relative to wild-type) in the absence of AMP. The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme with residue changes in only one subunit are active in vivo
V216A/S220A/V224A
IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)IDH2 mutant enzyme shows an about 6fold decrease in apparent affinity for isocitrate measured in the absence or presence of AMP as compared to wild-type enzyme. IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)IDH2 mutant enzyme exhibits a moderate decrease in apparent affnity for cofactor (about 2.5fold relative to wild-type) in the absence of AMP. The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme with residue changes in only one subunit are active in vivo
V216A/S220A/V224A/I221A/V225A/V229A
in the absence of AMP, the IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)-IDH2(I221A/V225A/V229A) mutant enzyme demonstrates an about 30fold decrease in apparent Vmax relative to wild-type and a loss of cooperativity with respect to isocitrate and, in the presence of AMP, the apparent affinity of the enzyme for isocitrate is 35fold lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. This mutant enzyme also exhibits a significant decrease in apparent affinity for NAD+ (about 30fold in the absence of AMP and about 10fold in the presence of AMP relative to wild-type). The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme demonstrates decreases in apparent affnity for isocitrate of about 12fold in the absence of AMP and of about 26fold in the presence of AMP relative to wild-type. For this mutant enzyme, with respect to isocitrate, allosteric activation by AMP and cooperativity in the absence of AMP are no longer apparen. The mutant enzyme is not fully functional in vivo
A108R/F136Y/T241D/N245D
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site-directed mutagenesis, residues of subunit IDH1 mutant is unable to bind AMP, ligand-binding analysis
A108R/F136Y/T241D/N245D/R114A/Y142F/D248T/D252N
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site-directed mutagenesis, residues of subunit IDH1 are A108R, F136Y, T241D, and N245D, residues of subunit IDH2 are R114A, Y142F, D248T, and D252N, mutant is unable to bind AMP, ligand-binding analysis
C150S
C56S/C150S/C242S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, IDH1/IDH2C150S octameric enzyme
C56S/C242S
D279A
D279A/D280A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a IDH1 residue, reduced AMP binding, ligand-binding analysis
D286A
D286A/I287A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a IDH2 residue, highly reduced NAD+ binding, ligand-binding analysis
H281A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a IDH2 residue, mutant cannot bind NAD+, ligand-binding analysis
I221A
residue changes in IDH2 subunits
I221A/V225A/V229A
mutant enzyme IDH1-IDH2(I221A/V225A/V229A) shows an about 6fold decrease in apparent affinity for isocitrate measured in the absence or presence of AMP as compared to wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme IDH1-IDH2 (I221A/V225A/V229A) exhibits a moderate decrease in apparent affnity for cofactor (about 2.5fold relative to wild-type) in the absence of AMP. The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme with residue changes in only one subunit are active in vivo
I280A
I287A
K171L
-
mutant IDH1K171L
R114A/Y142F/D248T/D252N
-
site-directed mutagenesis, residues of subunit subunit IDH2, ligand-binding analysis
R274A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of a IDH1 residue, reduced AMP binding, ligand-binding analysis
S220A
residue changes in IDH1 subunits
S92A/S98A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, residue of subunit IDH1 is S92, residue of subunit IDH2 is S98, ligand-binding analysis
V214A
residue changes in IDH1 subunits
V216A/S220A/V224A
IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)IDH2 mutant enzyme shows an about 6fold decrease in apparent affinity for isocitrate measured in the absence or presence of AMP as compared to wild-type enzyme. IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)IDH2 mutant enzyme exhibits a moderate decrease in apparent affnity for cofactor (about 2.5fold relative to wild-type) in the absence of AMP. The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme with residue changes in only one subunit are active in vivo
V216A/S220A/V224A/I221A/V225A/V229A
in the absence of AMP, the IDH1(V216A/S220A/V224A)-IDH2(I221A/V225A/V229A) mutant enzyme demonstrates an about 30fold decrease in apparent Vmax relative to wild-type and a loss of cooperativity with respect to isocitrate and, in the presence of AMP, the apparent affinity of the enzyme for isocitrate is 35fold lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. This mutant enzyme also exhibits a significant decrease in apparent affinity for NAD+ (about 30fold in the absence of AMP and about 10fold in the presence of AMP relative to wild-type). The mutant enzyme has acquired the novel property of cooperativity with respect to NAD+, but this cooperativity is not apparent in the presence of AMP. The mutant enzyme demonstrates decreases in apparent affnity for isocitrate of about 12fold in the absence of AMP and of about 26fold in the presence of AMP relative to wild-type. For this mutant enzyme, with respect to isocitrate, allosteric activation by AMP and cooperativity in the absence of AMP are no longer apparen. The mutant enzyme is not fully functional in vivo
V224A
residue changes in IDH1 subunits
V225A
residue changes in IDH2 subunits
V229A
residue changes in IDH2 subunits
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, in affinity elution buffer containing 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl, and 200 mM imidazole, stable for several weeks
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Ni-NTA column chromatography
-
Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate (Ni2+-NTA) column chromatography
Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid resin chromatography
-
Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid superflow resin chromatography
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21-Gold(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
-
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from strain IDH12DELTAL by nickel affinity chromatography
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
wild-type and mutant enzymes are expressed in a idh1DELTAidh2DELTA yeast strain which contains deletion/insertion mutations in genomic IDH1 and IDH2 loci
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold (DE3) cells
-
expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in yeast strain IDH12DELTAL deficient in both subunits of the enzyme
-
His-tagged enzyme expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21-Gold(DE3)
-
wild-type and mutant enzymes are expressed in a idh1DELTAidh2DELTA yeast strain which contains deletion/insertion mutations in genomic IDH1 and IDH2 loci
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Plaut, G.W.E.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
The Enzymes, 2nd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , Lardy, H. , Myrbck, K. , eds. )
7
105-126
1963
Aspergillus niger, Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cavia porcellus, Columba livia, Homo sapiens, Pisum sativum, Rattus norvegicus
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gabriel, J.L.; Plaut, G.W.E.
Kinetic regulation of yeast NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by citrate
Biochemistry
30
2594-2599
1991
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Panisko, E.A.; McAllister-Henn, L.
Subunit interactions of yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
J. Biol. Chem.
276
1204-1210
2001
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Anderson, S.L.; Minard, K.I.; McAllister-Henn, L.
Allosteric inhibition of NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by a mitochondrial mRNA
Biochemistry
39
5623-5629
2000
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Anderson, S.L.; Schirf, V.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Effect of AMP on mRNA binding by yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
41
7065-7073
2002
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Isocitrate binding at two functionally distinct sites in yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
J. Biol. Chem.
277
22475-22483
2002
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Homologous binding sites in yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase for cofactor (NAD+) and allosteric activator (AMP)
J. Biol. Chem.
278
12864-12872
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hu, G.; Taylor, A.B.; McAlister-Henn, L.; Hart, P.J.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. [Erratum to document cited in CA143:301281]
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
F62
709
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hu, G.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Novel allosteric properties produced by residue substitutions in the subunit interface of yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
453
207-216
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P28241), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P28834), Saccharomyces cerevisiae MMY011
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Anderson, S.L.; Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Analysis of interactions with mitochondrial mRNA using mutant forms of yeast NAD(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
44
16776-16784
2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MMY011
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hu, G.; Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Physiological consequences of loss of allosteric activation of yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
J. Biol. Chem.
281
16935-16942
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MMY011
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, A.P.; Hakala, K.W.; Weintraub, S.T.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Suppression of metabolic defects of yeast isocitrate dehydrogenase and aconitase mutants by loss of citrate synthase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
474
205-212
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MMY011
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Taylor, A.B.; Hu, G.; Hart, P.J.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Allosteric motions in structures of yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
J. Biol. Chem.
283
10872-10880
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Garcia, J.A.; Minard, K.I.; Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Disulfide bond formation in yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
48
8869-8878
2009
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MMY011
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
McAlister-Henn, L.
Ligand binding and structural changes associated with allostery in yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
519
112-117
2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, A.P.; McAlister-Henn, L.
Basis for half-site ligand binding in yeast NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
50
8241-8250
2011
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team