6.3.5.5: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing), go to the full flat file.

Reaction

2 ATP +

Synonyms

CAD, CAD carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, CAD protein, Carbamoyl phosphate synthase (glutamine), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, Carbamoylphosphate synthase, Carbamoylphosphate synthetase, Carbamoylphosphate synthetase II, Carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine), Carbamyl phosphate sythetase II, carbamylphosphate synthetase - aspartate transcarbamylase, CPA2, CPS, CPS II (glutamine-dependent), CPS III, CPS III (glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamine-dependent), CPS1, CPSase, CPSase type II, CPSase-A, CPSase-P, CPSII, EC 2.7.2.9, Glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase, glutamine-hydrolyzing CPSase, MGG_04503, More, MtCPSs1, MtCPSs2, Synthase, carbamoylphosphate (glutamine), Synthetase, carbamoylphosphate (glutamine-hydrolyzing)

ECTree

     6 Ligases

         6.3 Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds

             6.3.5 Carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor

                6.3.5.5 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)

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66	Activating Compound
87162	AA Sequence
2	Application
1	CAS Registry Number
28	Cloned(Commentary)
22	Cofactor
8	Crystallization (Commentary)
76	Disease/ Diagnostics
3	Expression
9	General Information
2	General Stability
4	IC50 Value
100	Inhibitors
3	Ki Value [mM]
200	KM Value [mM]
14	Localization
21	Metals/Ions
43	Molecular Weight [Da]
56	Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
490	Organism
1	Oxidation Stability
12	Pathway
91	PDB ID
17	pH Optimum
2	pH Range
1	pH Stability
5	Posttranslational Modification
209	Protein Variants
28	Purification (Commentary)
27	Reaction
3	Reaction Type
137	Reference
36	Source Tissue
17	Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
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219	Substrates and Products (Substrate)
46	Subunits
73	Synonyms
1	Systematic Name
6	Temperature Optimum [°C]
3	Temperature Stability [°C]
145	Turnover Number [1/s]

Reaction

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Reaction on EC 6.3.5.5 - carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)

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REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

COMMENTARY

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

22 entries

ATP + carbamate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate

(1d)

-

-

-

ATP + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + carboxyphosphate

(1b)

-

-

-

L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3

(1a)

-

-

-

NH3 + carboxyphosphate = carbamate + phosphate

(1c)

-

-

-

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

mechanism

Escherichia coli

-

650798, 652028

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

mechanism, formation of enzyme-bound carboxy phosphate

Escherichia coli

-

1725

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

partially random sequential mechanism in which the ordered addition of MgATP2- , HCO3-, and Gln is followed by the ordered release of Glu and phosphate. The formation of carbamate from MgATP2-, HCO3-, and Gln proceeds via a stepwise, not concerted mechanism, involving at least one kinetically competent covalent intermediate, such as carboxyphosphate

Mesocricetus auratus

-

1728

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

mechanism involves at least three steps, the first of which is an ATP-dependent formation of enzyme-bound activated carbon dioxide

Escherichia coli

-

1744

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

catalytic mechanism

Escherichia coli

-

650110

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

pathway

Escherichia coli

-

650936

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

An ordered uni bi mechanism for glutamine hydrolysis that is consistent with the isotope effects and with the catalytic properties of the enzyme is proposed

Escherichia coli

-

649994

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

effects of pressure on the partial reactions, study of the function of monomers of enzyme domains under conditions of pressure-induced dissociation

Escherichia coli

-

651882

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

four partial reaction occurs at three active sites connected by a molecular tunnel of 100 Angstrom, reaction mechanism

Escherichia coli

-

649986

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

in glutamine utilizing enzymes, the hydrolysis of glutamine to yield ammonia is catalyzed at a triad-type glutamine amidotransferase domain

Escherichia coli

-

652351

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

pathway, relationship between mechanism and structure

Escherichia coli

-

650927

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

reaction pathway of the enzyme small subunit proceeds through the formation of the glutamyl thioester intermediate

Escherichia coli

-

649849

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

steps of reaction pathway for glutamine hydrolysis, the Michalis complex, the tetrahedral intermediate and glutamyl-thioester intermediate models, stereochemistry of the overall glutaminase reaction

Escherichia coli

-

649883

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

the chemical mechanism of the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase reaction of enzyme involves carboxy phosphate, but not CO2, as an reactive intermediate

Escherichia coli

-

650512

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

the mammalian enzyme is part of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-aspartate carbamoyltransferase-dihydroorotase, CAD, the carbamoyl phosphate synthesis requires the concerted action of the glutaminase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase domains of CAD

Mammalia

-

651952

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

two residues, Ser948 and Thr1042, appear crucial for allosteric regulation of enzyme

Escherichia coli

-

652788

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

mechanism for the generation of ammonia within the L-glutamine amidotransferase domain of CPS, detailed overview

Escherichia coli

-

695002

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

reaction mechanism, the ammonium is channeled as ammonia through a channel formed by the small subunit by forming and breaking hydrogen bonds to Gly292, Ser35, Pro358, Gly293, and Thr37 in a stepwise fashion as it travels through the hydrophilic passage toward the subunit interface

Escherichia coli

-

690935

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

reaction mechanism with four separate reactions and three discrete, reactive, and unstable intermediates involved, overview. The small subunit contains the active site for the hydrolysis of glutamine, which is hydrolyzed to glutamate and ammonia via a thioester intermediate. The ammonia derived from this reaction travels 45 A to the active site for the synthesis of the carboxy phosphate intermediate, located in the N-terminal half of the large subunit. The carbamate intermediate, formed by the reaction of ammonia with carboxy phosphate, is subsequently channeled 45 A to the active site, located at the C-terminus of the large subunit, for the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate, which is phosphorylated by the second molecule of MgATP to form the ultimate product carbamoyl phosphate. Molecular dynamics simulations, kinetic and dynamic of the mechanism for ammonia migration at the atomic level, free-energy profile for the remainder of the ammonia tunnel within CPS using the umbrella sampling technique, overview

Escherichia coli

-

704173

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

carbamate, the product of the reaction involving ATP, bicarbonate, and ammonia, must be delivered from the site of formation to the site of utilization by traveling nearly 40 A within the enzyme. The tunnel is composed of three continuous water pockets and two narrow connecting parts, near residues A23 and G575. The two narrow parts render two free energy barriers of 6.7 and 8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Three water pockets are filled with about 21, 9, and 9 waters, respectively, and the corresponding relative free energies of carbamate residing in these free energy minima are 5.8, 0, and 1.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The release of phosphate into solution at the site for the formation of carbamate allows the side chain of R306 to rotate toward E25, E383, and E604. This rotation is virtually prohibited by a barrier of at least 23 kcal/mol when phosphate remains bound. This conformational change not only opens the entrance of the tunnel but also shields the charge-charge repulsion from the three glutamate residues when carbamate passes through the tunnel

Escherichia coli

P00968

715279

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

mechanism involves at least three steps, the first of which is an ATP-dependent formation of enzyme-bound activated carbon dioxide

Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303

-

-

2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate

-

-

-

-