6.3.1.2: glutamine synthetase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamine synthetase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 6.3.1.2
-
6.3.1.2
-
aminotransferase
-
gg
-
glial
-
astrocyte
-
nitrate
-
bilirubin
-
sulfoximine
-
alt
-
cerebral
-
hepatocytes
-
retina
-
fibrillary
-
cholesterol
-
glutaminase
-
albumin
-
transaminase
-
creatinine
-
adenylylation
-
triglyceride
-
nodule
-
astroglial
-
bile
-
neurotransmitter
-
excitatory
-
c-reactive
-
uric
-
no3
-
neurotoxicity
-
glutamatergic
-
nitrogenase
-
hyperammonemia
-
excitotoxicity
-
cirrhosis
-
l-methionine
-
anabaena
-
periportal
-
pii
-
cholestasis
-
gamma-gt
-
photorespiratory
-
n2-fixing
-
pericentral
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase
-
photorespiration
-
corpuscular
-
adenylyltransferase
-
drinker
-
assimilatory
-
remobilization
-
drug development
-
synthesis
-
pharmacology
-
diagnostics
-
heterocysts
-
medicine
-
analysis
- 6.3.1.2
- aminotransferase
- gg
- glial
- astrocyte
- nitrate
- bilirubin
- sulfoximine
-
alt
- cerebral
- hepatocytes
- retina
-
fibrillary
- cholesterol
- glutaminase
- albumin
- transaminase
- creatinine
-
adenylylation
- triglyceride
- nodule
-
astroglial
- bile
-
neurotransmitter
-
excitatory
-
c-reactive
-
uric
- no3
-
neurotoxicity
-
glutamatergic
- nitrogenase
-
hyperammonemia
-
excitotoxicity
- cirrhosis
- l-methionine
- anabaena
-
periportal
- pii
- cholestasis
- gamma-gt
-
photorespiratory
-
n2-fixing
-
pericentral
- gamma-glutamyltransferase
-
photorespiration
-
corpuscular
- adenylyltransferase
-
drinker
-
assimilatory
-
remobilization
- drug development
- synthesis
- pharmacology
- diagnostics
- heterocysts
- medicine
- analysis
Reaction
Synonyms
AmGLN1, ATP glutamate-ammonia ligase, Chloroplast GS2, Clone lambda-GS28, Clone lambda-GS31, Clone lambda-GS8, Cytoplasmic GS3, Cytosolic GS1, gamma-glutamyl transferase, gamma-glutamyl:ammonia ligase, gamma-glutamylhydroxamate synthetase, Gln isozyme alpha, Gln isozyme beta, Gln isozyme gamma, Gln synthetase, GLN1,1, GLN1,2, GLN1,3, GLN1,4, GLN1-1, GLN1-2, Gln1;1, Gln1;2, Gln1;3, Gln1;4, Gln1;5, GLN2, GlnA, glnA-1, GlnA1, GlnA2, GlnA3, GlnA4, GlnN, GlnR, GluA, GLUL, Glutamate--ammonia ligase, glutamate-ammonia ligase, Glutamine synthetase, glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1, glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 2, glutamine synthetase I, glutamine synthetase type II, glutamine synthetase type III, Glutamylhydroxamic synthetase, GS, GS type I, GS type-1, GS(1), GS-II, GS1, GS1 kinase, GS1-1, GS1-2, GS107, GS112, GS117, GS12, GS122, GS1a, GS1beta1, GS1gamma1, GS2, GS2a, GS3, GSI, GSII, GSIII, Isozyme delta, L-glutamate:ammonia ligase, L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), L-Glutamine synthetase, LDBPK_060370, LdGS, MM_0964, MtGS, N47/N48, OsGLN1,1, OsGLN1,2, protein transacetylase, S2205/S2287, SSO0366, Synthetase, glutamine, TAase, type I glutamine synthetase, type III glutamine synthetase
ECTree
6.3.1.2 glutamine synthetaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Localization
Localization on EC 6.3.1.2 - glutamine synthetase
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
top
LOCALIZATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis releases the enzyme into its phagosome in infected human monocytes
-
additional information
-
the GLN2 gene product functions in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts to faciliate ammonium recovery during photorespiration
-
in mesophyll cell almost all glutamine synthetase is present in chloroplasts. In hair cells, glutamine synthetase is observed both in chloroplasts and in cytoplasm
Azolla sp.
-
in hair cells of plants grown under an Argon environment, regardless of the type of nitrogen source provided, only weak immunolabeling of enzyme is observed in the cytoplasm and in chloroplasts. In contrast, in hair cells of plants grown under N2, abundant immunolabeling of enzyme is observed in both sites
the N-terminal peptide acts as a transit peptide, targeting the protein to the plastids. The C-terminal extension peptide of plastid-located glutamine synthetase isozyme GS2a from Medicago truncatula is crucial for enzyme activity but needless for protein import into the plastids. The 16 amino acid C-terminal extension is present in all known plastid GS proteins
-
isoform 2, reversibly associated to thylakoid membrane, activity not influenced when enzyme is detached from membrane
the plastidic isozyme contains a transit peptide
-
in mesophyll cell almost all glutamine synthetase is present in chloroplasts. In hair cells, glutamine synthetase is observed both in chloroplasts and in cytoplasm
Azolla sp.
-
in hair cells of plants grown under an Argon environment, regardless of the type of nitrogen source provided, only weak immunolabeling of enzyme is observed in the cytoplasm and in chloroplasts. In contrast, in hair cells of plants grown under N2, abundant immunolabeling of enzyme is observed in both sites
neural enzyme is retained in the cytoplasm. Two different glutamine synthetase transcripts are generated by tissue-specific alternative splicing. The liver transcript contains an alternative exon that is not present in the neural one
during leaf senescence the cytosolic isozymes GS1 and GSr are the predominant forms
the enzyme is spread throughout the cytoplasm and inside the mitochondrial lumen in all life cycle forms
-
the enzyme is spread throughout the cytoplasm and inside the mitochondrial lumen in all life cycle forms
-
extracellular release is correlated with pathogenicity. The information to target the protein for export must be contained in its amino acid sequence and/or conformation
-
-
30% of the total measurable enzyme activity is released into the culture medium
-
-
a much larger amount of GlnA1 is produced than is necessary for normal growth by the organism and a substantial proportion of this is found in the extracellular medium of cell cultures
-
-
a much larger amount of GlnA1 is produced than is necessary for normal growth by the organism and a substantial proportion of this is found in the extracellular medium of cell cultures
-
-
-
extracellular release is correlated with pathogenicity. The information to target the protein for export must be contained in its amino acid sequence and/or conformation
-
-
-
83% of total activity associated with cytoplasmic membrane, 20% of the enzyme exposed to the outer surface
-
the GLN2 gene product functions in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts to faciliate ammonium recovery during photorespiration
-
the N-terminus of glutamine synthetase, which constitutes a weak mitochondrial targeting signal, is sufficient to direct a chimeric protein to the mitochondria in hepatocytes and to the cytoplasm in astrocytes. The mitochondrial membrane potential in hepatocytes is more negative than in astrocytes
liver enzyme is targeted to mitochondria. Two different glutamine synthetase transcripts are generated by tissue-specific alternative splicing. The liver transcript contains an alternative exon that is not present in the neural one. This exon leads to acquisition of an upstream in-frame start codon and formation of a mitochondrial targeting signal
the enzyme is spread throughout the cytoplasm and inside the mitochondrial lumen in all life cycle forms
-
the enzyme is spread throughout the cytoplasm and inside the mitochondrial lumen in all life cycle forms
-
additional information
presence of mitochondrial targeting sequence and the cleavage localization signal at the N-terminal region in LdGS protein
-
additional information
-
presence of mitochondrial targeting sequence and the cleavage localization signal at the N-terminal region in LdGS protein
-
additional information
-
presence of mitochondrial targeting sequence and the cleavage localization signal at the N-terminal region in LdGS protein
-
-
