6.1.1.3: threonine-tRNA ligase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about threonine-tRNA ligase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 6.1.1.3
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6.1.1.3
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synthetases
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aminoacyl-trna
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aminoacylation
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threonylation
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anticodon
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aarss
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borrelidin
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phenylalanyl-trna
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isoacceptors
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misactivates
-
noncognate
-
alanyl-trna
-
mischarged
-
anticodon-binding
-
hisrs
-
anticodon-like
-
mistranslation
-
post-transfer
-
diagnostics
-
drug development
- 6.1.1.3
- synthetases
- aminoacyl-trna
- aminoacylation
-
threonylation
-
anticodon
-
aarss
- borrelidin
- phenylalanyl-trna
-
isoacceptors
-
misactivates
-
noncognate
- alanyl-trna
-
mischarged
-
anticodon-binding
- hisrs
-
anticodon-like
-
mistranslation
-
post-transfer
- diagnostics
- drug development
Reaction
Synonyms
ApThrRS-1, ApThrRS-2, BaThrRS, EcThrRS, ectRNAThr, McThrRS, mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase, MJ1197, MmThrRS, More, Mst1, ScmtThrRS, SfThrRS-1, SfThrRS-2, Synthetase, threonyl-transfer ribonucleate, TarS, Thr-tRNA synthetase, Threonine translase, Threonine--tRNA ligase, Threonine-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, threonyl tRNA synthetase, Threonyl-ribonucleic synthetase, Threonyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, Threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, Threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase, Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, ThrRS, ThrRS1, ThrS, TRS
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Reference on EC 6.1.1.3 - threonine-tRNA ligase
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Walker, E.J.; Treacy, G.B.; Jeffrey, P.D.
Molecular weights of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of beef liver and their complexes
Biochemistry
22
1934-1941
1983
Bos taurus
Arbeeny, C.M.; Briden, K.L.; Stirewalt, W.S.
The activity and sedimentation properties of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of rat skeletal muscle
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
564
191-201
1979
Rattus norvegicus
Freist, W.; Sternbach, H.; von der Haar, F.; Cramer, F.
Threonyl-tRNA, lysyl-tRNA and arginyl-tRNA synthetases from baker's yeast. Substrate specificity with regard to ATP analogues
Eur. J. Biochem.
84
499-502
1978
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Freist, W.; Gauss, D.H.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase.
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
376
213-224
1995
Aesculus hippocastanum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Escherichia coli, Thermus thermophilus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces pastorianus
Ogata, K.; Kurahashi, A.; Nishiyama, C.; Terao, K.
Presence and role of the 5SrRNA-L5 protein complex (5SRNP) in the threonyl- and histidyl-tRNA synthetase complex in rat liver cytosol
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1218
388-400
1994
Rattus norvegicus
Zheltonosova, J.; Melnikova, E.; Garber, M.; Reinbolt, J.; Kern, D.; Ehresmann, C.; Ehresmann, B.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus. Purification and some structural and kinetic properties
Biochimie
76
71-77
1994
Escherichia coli, Thermus thermophilus, Thermus thermophilus HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579
Cura, V.; Kern, D.; Mitschler, A.; Moras, D.
Crystallization of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus and preliminary crystallographic data
FEBS Lett.
374
110-112
1995
Thermus thermophilus
Freist, W.; Sternbach, H.; Cramer, F.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast. Discrimination of 19 amino acids in aminoacylation of tRNAThr-C-C-A and tRNAThr-C-C-A(2'NH2)
Eur. J. Biochem.
220
745-752
1994
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cruzen, M.E.; Arfin, S.M.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human threonyl-tRNA synthetase reveals extensive homology to the Escherichia coli and yeast enzymes
J. Biol. Chem.
266
9919-9923
1991
Homo sapiens
Garber, M.B.; Yaremchuk, A.D.; Tukalo, M.A.; Egorova, S.P.; Fomenkova, N.P.; Nikonov, S.V.
Crystals of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus
J. Mol. Biol.
214
819-820
1990
Thermus thermophilus
Nameki, N.
Identity elements of tRNAThr towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Nucleic Acids Res.
23
2831-2836
1995
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Aoyama, H.
Spermine stimulates the threonyl-tRNA formation in rat liver
Chem. Biol. Interact.
74
33-43
1990
Rattus norvegicus
Holley, R.W.; Brunngraber, E.F.; Saad, F.; Williams, H.H.
Partial purification of the threonine- and tyrosine-activating enzymes from rat liver, and the effect of potassium ion on the activity of the tyrosine enzyme
J. Biol. Chem.
236
197-199
1961
Rattus norvegicus
Aoyama, H.; Chaimovich, H.
Effect of spermine on the reaction catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase from rat liver
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
309
502-507
1973
Rattus norvegicus
Paetz, W.; Nass, G.
Biochemical and immunological characterization of threonyl-tRNA synthetase of two borrelidin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli K12
Eur. J. Biochem.
35
331-337
1973
Escherichia coli
Hennecke, H.; B`ck, A.; Thomale, J.; Nass, G.
Threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli. Subunit structure and genetic analysis of the structural gene by means of a mutated enzyme and of a specialized transducing lambda bacteriophage
J. Bacteriol.
131
943-950
1977
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli overproducing
Yamada, H.
Rapid purification of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by affinity elution from phosphocellulose
J. Biochem.
83
1583-1589
1978
Saccharomyces pastorianus
Dignam, J.D.; Rhodes, D.G.; Deutscher, M.P.
Purification and structural characterization of rat liver threonyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
Biochemistry
19
4978-4984
1980
Rattus norvegicus
Gerken, S.C.; Arfin, S.M.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Chinese hamster ovary cells is phosphorylated on serine
J. Biol. Chem.
259
11160-11161
1984
Cricetulus griseus
Pape, L.K.; Tzagoloff, A.
Cloning and characterization of the gene for the yeast cytoplasmic threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Nucleic Acids Res.
13
6171-6183
1985
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273-10B
Fedorov, A.N.; Ovchinnikov, L.P.
Interaction of eukaryotic threonyl-tRNA synthetase with high-Mr RNAs and tRNAThr
Eur. J. Biochem.
169
185-191
1987
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Bovee, M.L.; Pierce, M.A.; Francklyn, C.S.
Induced fit and kinetic mechanism of adenylation catalyzed by Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Biochemistry
42
15102-15113
2003
Escherichia coli
Dock-Bregeon, A.; Sankaranarayanan, R.; Romby, P.; Caillet, J.; Springer, M.; Rees, B.; Francklyn, C.S.; Ehresmann, C.; Moras, D.
Transfer RNA-mediated editing in threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The class II solution to the double discrimination problem
Cell
103
877-884
2000
Escherichia coli
Sankaranarayanan, R.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Romby, P.; Caillet, J.; Springer, M.; Rees, B.; Ehresmann, C.; Ehresmann, B.; Moras, D.
The structure of threonyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA(Thr) complex enlightens its repressor activity and reveals an essential zinc ion in the active site
Cell
97
371-381
1999
Escherichia coli
Nathanson, L.; Deutscher, M.P.
Active aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in nuclei as a high molecular weight multienzyme complex
J. Biol. Chem.
275
31559-31562
2000
Cricetulus griseus, Oryctolagus cuniculus
Torres-Larios, A.; Sankaranarayanan, R.; Rees, B.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Moras, D.
Conformational movements and cooperativity upon amino acid, ATP and tRNA binding in threonyl-tRNA synthetase
J. Mol. Biol.
331
201-211
2003
Staphylococcus aureus (Q8NW68), Staphylococcus aureus
Caillet, J.; Nogueira, T.; Masquida, B.; Winter, F.; Graffe, M.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Torres-Larios, A.; Sankaranarayanan, R.; Westhof, E.; Ehresmann, B.; Ehresmann, C.; Romby, P.; Springer, M.
The modular structure of Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase as both an enzyme and a regulator of gene expression
Mol. Microbiol.
47
961-974
2003
Escherichia coli
Sankaranarayanan, R.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Rees, B.; Bovee, M.; Caillet, J.; Romby, P.; Francklyn, C.S.; Moras, D.
Zinc ion mediated amino acid discrimination by threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Nat. Struct. Biol.
7
461-465
2000
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
Torres-Larios, A.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Romby, P.; Rees, B.; Sankaranarayanan, R.; Caillet, J.; Springer, M.; Ehresmann, C.; Ehresmann, B.; Moras, D.
Structural basis of translational control by Escherichia coli threonyl tRNA synthetase
Nat. Struct. Biol.
9
343-347
2002
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3), Escherichia coli
Nagaoka, Y.; Ishikura, K.; Kuno, A.; Hasegawa, T.
Evolution and tRNA recognition of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1
Viva Orig.
31
62-70
2003
Haloferax volcanii, Aeropyrum pernix (Q9YDW0), Aeropyrum pernix (Q9YFY3)
-
Dwivedi, S.; Kruparani, S.P.; Sankaranarayanan, R.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic investigations of a unique editing domain from archaebacteria
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
60
1662-1664
2004
Pyrococcus abyssi
Ruan, B.; Bovee, M.L.; Sacher, M.; Stathopoulos, C.; Poralla, K.; Francklyn, C.S.; Soll, D.
A unique hydrophobic cluster near the active site contributes to differences in borrelidin inhibition among threonyl-tRNA synthetases
J. Biol. Chem.
280
571-577
2005
Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Halobacterium sp., Helicobacter pylori, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Saccharolobus solfataricus, Escherichia coli (P0A8M3), Escherichia coli
Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Rees, B.; Torres-Larios, A.; Bey, G.; Caillet, J.; Moras, D.
Achieving error-free translation; the mechanism of proofreading of threonyl-tRNA synthetase at atomic resolution
Mol. Cell
16
375-386
2004
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
Korencic, D.; Ahel, I.; Schelert, J.; Sacher, M.; Ruan, B.; Stathopoulos, C.; Blum, P.; Ibba, M.; Soll, D.
A freestanding proofreading domain is required for protein synthesis quality control in archaea
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101
10260-10265
2004
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Q58597), Saccharolobus solfataricus (Q980D1), Saccharolobus solfataricus
Rigden, D.J.
Archaea recruited D-Tyr-tRNATyr deacylase for editing in Thr-tRNA synthetase
RNA
10
1845-1851
2004
Methanosarcina mazei
Zurek, J.; Bowman, A.L.; Sokalski, W.A.; Mulholland, A.J.
MM and QM/MM modeling of threonyl-tRNA synthetase: model testing and simulations
Struct. Chem.
15
405-414
2004
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
-
Hussain, T.; Kruparani, S.P.; Pal, B.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Dwivedi, S.; Shekar, M.R.; Sureshbabu, K.; Sankaranarayanan, R.
Post-transfer editing mechanism of a D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase-like domain in threonyl-tRNA synthetase from archaea
EMBO J.
25
4152-4162
2006
Pyrococcus abyssi (Q9UZ14), Pyrococcus abyssi
Caillet, J.; Graffe, M.; Eyermann, F.; Romby, P.; Springer, M.
Mutations in residues involved in zinc binding in the catalytic site of Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase confer a dominant lethal phenotype
J. Bacteriol.
189
6839-6848
2007
Escherichia coli K-12
Shimizu, S.; Juan, E.C.; Miyashita, Y.I.; Sato, Y.; Hoque, M.M.; Suzuki, K.; Yogiashi, M.; Tsunoda, M.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Moras, D.; Sekiguchi, T.; Takenaka, A.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of putative threonyl-tRNA synthetases from Aeropyrum pernix and Sulfolobus tokodaii
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
64
903-910
2008
Aeropyrum pernix, Sulfurisphaera tokodaii
Malde, A.K.; Mark, A.E.
Binding and enantiomeric selectivity of threonyl-tRNA synthetase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
131
3848-3849
2009
Pyrococcus abyssi (Q9UZ14)
Shimizu, S.; Juan, E.C.; Sato, Y.; Miyashita, Y.; Hoque, M.M.; Suzuki, K.; Sagara, T.; Tsunoda, M.; Sekiguchi, T.; Dock-Bregeon, A.C.; Moras, D.; Takenaka, A.
Two complementary enzymes for threonylation of tRNA in crenarchaeota: crystal structure of Aeropyrum pernix threonyl-tRNA synthetase lacking a cis-editing domain
J. Mol. Biol.
394
286-296
2009
Aeropyrum pernix (Q9YDW0), Aeropyrum pernix (Q9YFY3), Aeropyrum pernix
Berglund, A.K.; Spanning, E.; Biverstahl, H.; Maddalo, G.; Tellgren-Roth, C.; Maeler, L.; Glaser, E.
Dual targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts: Characterization of Thr-tRNA synthetase targeting peptide
Mol. Plant
2
1298-1309
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Minajigi, A.; Deng, B.; Francklyn, C.S.
Fidelity escape by the unnatural amino acid beta-hydroxynorvaline: an efficient substrate for Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase with toxic effects on growth
Biochemistry
50
1101-1109
2011
Escherichia coli
Minajigi, A.; Francklyn, C.S.
Aminoacyl transfer rate dictates choice of editing pathway in threonyl-tRNA synthetase
J. Biol. Chem.
285
23810-23817
2010
Escherichia coli
Su, D.; Lieberman, A.; Lang, B.F.; Simonovic, M.; Soell, D.; Ling, J.
An unusual tRNAThr derived from tRNAHis reassigns in yeast mitochondria the CUN codons to threonine
Nucleic Acids Res.
39
4866-4874
2011
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans
Ling, J.; Soell, D.
Severe oxidative stress induces protein mistranslation through impairment of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase editing site
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
107
4028-4033
2010
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli MG1655
Ahmad, S.; Sravankumar, A.S.; Kruparani, S.P.; Sankaranarayanan, R.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analyses of threonyl-tRNA synthetase editing domain from Aeropyrum pernix
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
68
1390-1393
2012
Aeropyrum pernix
Ling, J.; Peterson, K.M.; Simonovic, I.; Soell, D.; Simonovic, M.
The mechanism of pre-transfer editing in yeast mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase
J. Biol. Chem.
287
28518-28525
2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Teng, M.; Hilgers, M.T.; Cunningham, M.L.; Borchardt, A.; Locke, J.B.; Abraham, S.; Haley, G.; Kwan, B.P.; Hall, C.; Hough, G.W.; Shaw, K.J.; Finn, J.
Identification of bacteria-selective threonyl-tRNA synthetase substrate inhibitors by structure-based design
J. Med. Chem.
56
1748-1760
2013
Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia thailandensis, Homo sapiens (P26639)
Bushnell, E.A.; Huang, W.; Llano, J.; Gauld, J.W.
Molecular dynamics investigation into substrate binding and identity of the catalytic base in the mechanism of threonyl-tRNA synthetase
J. Phys. Chem. B
116
5205-5212
2012
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
Yokozawa, J.; Nagaoka, Y.; Umehara, T.; Iwaki, J.; Kawarabayasi, Y.; Koyama, Y.; Sako, Y.; Wakagi, T.; Kuno, A.; Hasegawa, T.
Recognition of tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase from hyperthermophilic archaea, Aeropyrum pernix K1
Nucleic Acids Res. Suppl.
2001
117-118
2001
Aeropyrum pernix, Aeropyrum pernix DSM 11879
Nagaoka, Y.; Yokozawa, J.; Umehara, T.; Iwaki, J.; Okamoto, K.; Kawarabayasi, Y.; Koyama, Y.; Sako, Y.; Wakagi, T.; Kuno, A., Hasegawa, T.
Molecular recognition of threonine tRNA by threonyl-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1
Nucleic Acids Res. Suppl.
2002
81-82
2002
Aeropyrum pernix, Aeropyrum pernix DSM 11879
Ishikura, H.; Nagaoka, Y.; Yokozawa, J.; Umehara, T.; Kuno, A.; Hasegawa, T.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase of archaea: importance of the discriminator base in the aminoacylation of threonine tRNA
Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.
2000
83-84
2000
Haloferax volcanii
Ling, J.; Peterson, K.M.; Simonovic, I.; Cho, C.; Soell, D.; Simonovic, M.
Yeast mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase recognizes tRNA isoacceptors by distinct mechanisms and promotes CUN codon reassignment
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
109
3281-3286
2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Wei, W.; Gauld, J.; Monard, G.
Pretransfer editing in threonyl-tRNA synthetase roles of differential solvent accessibility and intermediate stabilization
ACS Catal.
7
3102-3112
2017
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
Li, M.; Zhang, J.; Liu, C.; Fang, B.; Wang, X.; Xiang, W.
Identification of borrelidin binding site on threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
451
485-490
2014
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3), Escherichia coli
Cao, Z.; Wang, H.; Mao, X.; Luo, L.
Noncanonical function of threonyl-tRNA synthetase regulates vascular development in zebrafish
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
473
67-72
2016
Danio rerio (A2BIM7), Danio rerio
Wellman, T.L.; Eckenstein, M.; Wong, C.; Rincon, M.; Ashikaga, T.; Mount, S.L.; Francklyn, C.S.; Lounsbury, K.M.
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase overexpression correlates with angiogenic markers and progression of human ovarian cancer
BMC Cancer
14
620
2014
Homo sapiens (P26639), Homo sapiens
Ye, W.; Spanning, E.; Glaser, E.; Maeler, L.
Interaction of the dual targeting peptide of Thr-tRNA synthetase with the chloroplastic receptor Toc34 in Arabidopsis thaliana
FEBS open bio
5
405-412
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (F4IFC5), Arabidopsis thaliana
Li, M.; Wen, F.; Zhao, S.; Wang, P.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, N.; Wang, J.
Exploring the molecular basis for binding of inhibitors by threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Brucella abortus A virtual screening study
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
17
E1078
2016
Brucella abortus
Zhou, X.L.; Chen, Y.; Fang, Z.P.; Ruan, Z.R.; Wang, Y.; Liu, R.J.; Xue, M.Q.; Wang, E.D.
Translational quality control by bacterial threonyl-tRNA synthetases
J. Biol. Chem.
291
21208-21221
2016
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3), Escherichia coli, Mesomycoplasma mobile (Q6KH76), Mesomycoplasma mobile ATCC 43663 (Q6KH76), Mycoplasma capricolum
Dutta, S.; Nandi, N.
Classical molecular dynamics simulation of seryl tRNA synthetase and threonyl tRNA synthetase bound with tRNA and aminoacyl adenylate
J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.
2018
1-23
2018
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
Zhou, X.L.; Ruan, Z.R.; Wang, M.; Fang, Z.P.; Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Liu, R.J.; Eriani, G.; Wang, E.D.
A minimalist mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase exhibits tRNA-isoacceptor specificity during proofreading
Nucleic Acids Res.
42
13873-13886
2014
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P07236), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 / S288c (P07236)
Wu, J.; Fan, Y.; Ling, J.
Mechanism of oxidant-induced mistranslation by threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Nucleic Acids Res.
42
6523-6531
2014
Escherichia coli (P0A8M3)
Zhang, Y.Y.; Hao, Y.Y.; Wang, Y.H.; Wang, C.M.; Wang, Y.L.; Long, W.H.; Wang, D.; Liu, X.; Jiang, L.; Wan, J.M.
Lethal albinic seedling, encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase, is involved in development of plastid protein synthesis system in rice
Plant Cell Rep.
36
1053-1064
2017
Oryza sativa Indica Group (B8BNI5)
Ahmad, S.; Muthukumar, S.; Kuncha, S.K.; Routh, S.B.; Yerabham, A.S.; Hussain, T.; Kamarthapu, V.; Kruparani, S.P.; Sankaranarayanan, R.
Specificity and catalysis hardwired at the RNA-protein interface in a translational proofreading enzyme
Nat. Commun.
6
7552
2015
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Q58597), Pyrococcus furiosus (Q8U176), Pyrococcus abyssi (Q9UZ14), Pyrococcus furiosus ATCC 43587 (Q8U176), Methanocaldococcus jannaschii ATCC 43067 (Q58597)
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