5.3.3.12: L-dopachrome isomerase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about L-dopachrome isomerase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.3.3.12
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5.3.3.12
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tyrosinase
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melanin
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melanoma
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tyrosinase-related
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melanocyte
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melanogenesis
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melanogenic
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microphthalmia-associated
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melanosomes
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hyperpigmentation
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protein-2
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anti-melanogenic
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whitening
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melanogenesis-related
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microphthalmia
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pigmentary
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dhica
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melanoma-associated
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amelanotic
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trp1
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melanoblast
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skin-whitening
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melanocyte-specific
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5,6-dihydroxyindole
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depigment
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pheomelanin
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vitiligo
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depigmentation
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5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic
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crest-derived
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chemokine-like
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tautomerization
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melanin-producing
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cloudman
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premelanosome
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arbutin
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medicine
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drug development
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pmel17
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alpha-msh
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alpha-melanocyte
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anti-melanogenesis
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mart-1
- 5.3.3.12
- tyrosinase
- melanin
- melanoma
-
tyrosinase-related
- melanocyte
-
melanogenesis
-
melanogenic
-
microphthalmia-associated
- melanosomes
- hyperpigmentation
- protein-2
-
anti-melanogenic
-
whitening
-
melanogenesis-related
- microphthalmia
-
pigmentary
-
dhica
-
melanoma-associated
-
amelanotic
- trp1
-
melanoblast
-
skin-whitening
-
melanocyte-specific
- 5,6-dihydroxyindole
-
depigment
-
pheomelanin
- vitiligo
-
depigmentation
-
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic
-
crest-derived
-
chemokine-like
-
tautomerization
-
melanin-producing
-
cloudman
-
premelanosome
- arbutin
- medicine
- drug development
- pmel17
- alpha-msh
-
alpha-melanocyte
-
anti-melanogenesis
-
mart-1
Reaction
Synonyms
brown (b) locus protein, D-dopachrome isomerase, D-dopachrome tautomerase, D-DT, DCF, DCT, DDT, dopachrome conversion factor, dopachrome delta-isomerase, dopachrome DELTA7-DELTA2-isomerase, dopachrome oxidoreductase, dopachrome tautomerase, dopachrome-rearranging enzyme, isomerase, dopachrome DELTA-, L-dopachchrome-methyl ester tautomerase, macrophage inhibitory factor, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage migration-inhibitory factor, MIF, Mif-2, SLATY locus protein, TRP-2, TRP2, tyrosine-related protein 2
ECTree
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General Information
General Information on EC 5.3.3.12 - L-dopachrome isomerase
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malfunction
physiological function
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Dct inactivation elevates the level of ROS, increases the numbers of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells, and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis upon exposure to chronic UVA radiation
malfunction
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MIF expression contributes to cell proliferation, invasiveness and neo-angiogenesis of neuroblastoma, gastric, hepatocellular, bladder, and breast carcinomas. MIF takes part in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sklerosis
malfunction
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MIF is implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
malfunction
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Dct inactivation in knockout mice exposed to UVA radiation elevates the level of reactive oxygen species, increases the number of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis
malfunction
a tautomerase-null protein shows reduced binding affinity to the receptors CD74 and CXCR2, and an impaired ability to induce ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation. Cells expressing the tautomerase-null protein show reduced proliferative capacity, and enzyme-deficient mice show a reduced development in benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin tumors.
malfunction
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enzyme knockdown inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, increases p53 expression and attenuates proliferation and invasion of PANC-1 cells
malfunction
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Dct inactivation elevates the level of ROS, increases the numbers of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells, and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis upon exposure to chronic UVA radiation
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Dct is a critical enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway. It is involved in regulation of DHICA-mediated antioxidation and protection of the skin against UVA radiation
physiological function
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DCT plays a critical role in lowering the oxidative stress resulting from melanogenesis
physiological function
increase in D-dopachrome tautomerase is a response to liver damage, accelerates melanin biosynthesis and protects the liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl4, overview
physiological function
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MIF is an upstream regulator of innate immunity and a potential molecular link between inflammation and cancer, functional role of the MIF tautomerase activity in vivo, overview. MIF's intrinsic tautomerase activity is dispensable for this cytokine's growth-regulatory properties and support a role for the N-terminal region in protein-protein interactions
physiological function
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MIF is involved in diverse biological processes, e.g. MIF glucocorticoid overriding activity, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production, MIF-mediated stimulation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase and proliferation of serum-starved cells, MIF-mediated upregulation of arachidonic acid in macrophages, and Cox-2 activation
physiological function
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MIF plays an essential role in both, innate and adaptive immune response. It is implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis, an exerts an antagonistic effect against glucocorticoid immunosuppressive action, and shows glucorticoid overriding activity
physiological function
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the enzyme is produced by NS0 cells as a factor to support proliferation, it is probably involved in autocrine regulation of proliferation, mechanism, overview
physiological function
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Dct plays a role in the regulation of eumelanin antioxidant properties
physiological function
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mRNA expression matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 are induced by the enzyme in SGB preadipocyte cell line
physiological function
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serum enzyme levels are elevated in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. and mRNA levels of MIF in subcutaneous abdominal adipose cells are positively associated with adipocyte size and insulin resistance
physiological function
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the enzyme binds to the type II transmembrane protein, CD74, leading to its intracellular phosphorylation, the recruitment of the coreceptor CD44, and the activation of SRC family kinases and the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. The enzyme counterregulates the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on tissue necrosis factor production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages
physiological function
the enzyme inhibits the migration of macrophages. The enzyme activates the MAP kinase cascade, modulates cell migration, and counter-acts the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids. For many cell types, the enzyme also acts as an important survival or anti-apoptotic factor. the enzyme is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tissue necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide by macrophages. The enzyme is necessary for maximal c-jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent AP-1 transactivation and subsequent CXCL8 and VEGF transcription in human lung adenocarcinoma cells
physiological function
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the enzyme promotes tumor cell and endothelial cell migration
physiological function
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the enzyme is beneficial in wound repair of inflamed adipose tissue by improving fibroblast survival and proliferation
physiological function
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Dct is a critical enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway. It is involved in regulation of DHICA-mediated antioxidation and protection of the skin against UVA radiation
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