5.1.1.3: glutamate racemase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate racemase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.1.1.3
-
5.1.1.3
-
peptidoglycan
-
l-glutamate
-
cofactor-independent
-
drug development
-
pediococcus
-
poly-gamma-glutamate
-
pyrophilus
-
pentosaceus
-
fermenti
-
ciceri
-
stereoinversion
-
medicine
-
synthesis
- 5.1.1.3
- peptidoglycan
- l-glutamate
-
cofactor-independent
- drug development
- pediococcus
-
poly-gamma-glutamate
- pyrophilus
- pentosaceus
- fermenti
-
ciceri
-
stereoinversion
- medicine
- synthesis
Reaction
Synonyms
AAR, BAS0806, BAS4379, BcGR, BsGR, BsRacE, CBL/ALR, cystathionine beta-lyase, D-glutamate racemase, DapF, FnGR, GBAA_0847, GBAA_4717, GLR, GluR, glutamate racemase, glutamic acid racemases, GRL, HpMurI, MetC, More, MurI, RACE, RacE1, RacE2, Racemase, glutamate, Rv1338, TmCBL, wMelCBL
ECTree
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Reference on EC 5.1.1.3 - glutamate racemase
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Adams, E.
Amino acid racemases and epimerases
The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )
6
479-507
1972
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum
-
Soda, K.
PLP-dependent and independent amino acid racemase
Enzymes Depend. Pyridoxal Phosphate Other Carbonyl Comp. Cofactors (Proc. Int. Symp. Vitam. B6 Carbonyl Catal. , Meeting Date 1990, Fukui T. , ed. ) Pergamon, Oxford
8
29-34
1991
Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus
-
Glaser, L.
Glutamic acid racemase from Lactobacillus arabinosus
J. Biol. Chem.
235
2095-2098
1960
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Diven, W.F.
Studies on amino acid racemase. II. Purification and properties of the glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus fermenti
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
191
702-706
1969
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Glaser, L.
Glutamic acid racemase (Lactobacillus plantarum)
Methods Enzymol.
17A
873-877
1970
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
-
Nakajima, N.; Tanizawa, K.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the glutamate racemase gene from Pediococcus pentosaceus
Agric. Biol. Chem.
50
2823-2830
1986
Pediococcus pentosaceus
-
Glavas, S.; Tanner, M.E.
The inhibition of glutamate racemase by D-N-hydroxyglutamate
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
7
2265-2270
1997
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
-
Ashiuchi, M.; Yoshimura, T.; Esaki, N.; Ueno, H.; Soda, K.
Inactivation of glutamate racemase of Pediococcus pentosaceus with L-serine O-sulfate
Biotechnol. Biochem.
57
1978-1979
1993
Pediococcus pentosaceus
-
Choi, S.Y.; Esaki, N.; Yoshimura, T.; Soda, K.
Overproduction of glutamate racemase of Pediococcus pentosaceus in Escherchia coli clone cells and its purification
Protein Expr. Purif.
2
90-93
1991
Pediococcus pentosaceus
Doublet, P.; van Heijenoort, J.; Mengin-Lecreulx, D.
Regulation of the glutamate racemase of Escherichia coli investigated by site-directed mutagenesis
Microb. Drug Resist.
2
43-49
1996
Escherichia coli
Yagasaki, M.; Iwata, K.; Ishino, S.; Azuma, M.; Ozaki, A.
Cloning, purification, and properties of a cofactor-independent glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
59
610-614
1995
Levilactobacillus brevis
Gallo, K.A.; Knowles, J.R.
Purification, cloning, and cofactor independence of glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus
Biochemistry
32
3981-3990
1993
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Tanner, M.E.; Miao, S.
The synthesis and stability of aziridino-glutamate, an irreversible inhibitor of glutamate racemase
Tetrahedron Lett.
35
4073-4076
1994
Lactobacillus sp.
-
Choi, S.Y.; Esaki, N.; Ashiuchi, M.; Yoshimura, T.; Soda, K.
Bacterial glutamate racemase has high sequence similarity with myoglobins and forms an equimolar inactive complex with hemin
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91
10144-10147
1994
Pediococcus pentosaceus
Choi, S.Y.; Esaki, N.; Yoshimura, T.; Soda, K.
Reaction mechanism of glutamate racemase, a pyridoxal phosphate-independent amino acid racemase
J. Biochem.
112
139-142
1992
Pediococcus pentosaceus
Ashiuchi, M.; Tani, K.; Soda, K.; Misono, H.
Properties of glutamate racemase from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3336 producing poly-gamma-glutamate
J. Biochem.
123
1156-1163
1998
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis (P94556), Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis CU741
Liu, L.; Yoshimura, T.; Endo, K.; Esaki, N.; Soda, K.
Cloning and expression of the glutamate racemase gene of Bacillus pumilus
J. Biochem.
121
1155-1161
1997
Bacillus pumilus
Ashiuchi, M.; Yoshimura, T.; Kitamura, T.; Kawara, Y.; Nagai, J.; Gorlatov, S.; Esaki, N.; Soda, K.
In vivo effect of GroESL on the folding of glutamate racemase of Escherichia coli
J. Biochem.
117
495-498
1995
Escherichia coli
Ho, H.T.; Falk, P.J.; Ervin, K.M.; Krishnan, B.S.; Discotto, L.F.; Dougherty, T.L.; Pucci, M.J.
UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine functions as an activator in the regulation of the Escherichia coli glutamate racemase activity
Biochemistry
34
2464-2470
1995
Escherichia coli
Pucci, M.J.; Thanassi, J.A.; Ho, H.T.; Falk, P.J.; Dougherty, T.J.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus contains two D-glutamic acid biosynthetic activities, a glutamate racemase and a D-amino acid transaminase
J. Bacteriol.
177
336-342
1995
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Doublet, P.; van Heijenoort, J.; Mengin-Lecreulx, D.
The glutamate racemase activity from Escherichia coli is regulated by peptidoglycan precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
Biochemistry
33
5285-5290
1994
Escherichia coli
Yoshimura, T.; Ashiuchi, M.; Esaki, N.; Kobatake, C.; Choi, S.Y.; Soda, K.
Expression of glr (murI, dga) gene encoding glutamate racemase in Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem.
268
24242-24246
1993
Escherichia coli
Doublet, P.; van Heijenoort, J.; Bohin, J.P.; Mengin-Lecreulx, D.
The murI gene of Escherichia coli is an essential gene that encodes a glutamate racemase activity
J. Bacteriol.
175
2970-2979
1993
Escherichia coli
Tanner, M.E.; Gallo, K.A.; Knowles, J.R.
Isotope effects and the identification of catalytic residues in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate racemase
Biochemistry
32
3998-4006
1993
Lactobacillus sp.
Gallo, K.A.; Tanner, M.E.; Knowles, J.R.
Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glutamate racemase
Biochemistry
32
3991-3997
1993
Lactobacillus sp.
Nakajima, N.; Tanizawa, K.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K.
Distribution of glutamate racemase in lactic acid bacteria and further characterization of the enzyme from Pediococcus pentosaceus
Agric. Biol. Chem.
52
3099-3104
1988
Lactic acid bacteria, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc lactis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, no activity in Clostridium sp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus
-
Glavas, S.; Tanner, M.E.
Active site residues of glutamate racemase
Biochemistry
40
6199-6204
2001
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Oikawa, T.; Watanabe, M.; Makiura, H.; Kusakabe, H.; Yamade, K.; Soda, K.
Production of D-glutamate from L-glutamate with glutamate racemase and L-glutamate oxidase
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
63
2168-2173
1999
Bacillus subtilis
Ashiuchi, M.; Kuwana, E.; Yamamoto, T.; Komatsu, K.; Soda, K.; Misono, H.
Glutamate racemase is an endogenous DNA gyrase inhibitor
J. Biol. Chem.
277
39070-39073
2002
Escherichia coli
de Dios, A.; Prieto, L.; Martin, J.A.; Rubio, A.; Ezquerra, J.; Tebbe, M.; Lopez de Uralde, B.; Martin, J.; Sanchez, A.; LeTourneau, D.L.; McGee, J.E.; Boylan, C.; Parr, T.R., Jr.; Smith, M.C.
4-Substituted D-glutamic acid analogues: the first potent inhibitors of glutamate racemase (MurI) enzyme with antibacterial activity
J. Med. Chem.
45
4559-4570
2002
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Lee, K.S.; Chi, Y.M.; Yu, Y.G.
Effect of pressure on catalytic properties of glutamate racemase from Aquifex pyrophilus, an extremophilic bacteria
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
12
149-152
2002
Aquifex pyrophilus
-
Hwang, K.Y.; Cho, C.S.; Kim, S.S.; Sung, H.C.; Yu, Y.G.; Cho, Y.
Structure and mechanism of glutamate racemase from Aquifex pyrophilus
Nat. Struct. Biol.
6
422-426
1999
Aquifex pyrophilus (P56868), Aquifex pyrophilus
Taal, M.A.; Sedelnikova, S.E.; Ruzheinikov, S.N.; Baker, P.J.; Rice, D.W.
Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray analysis of crystals of Bacillus subtilis glutamate racemase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
60
2031-2034
2004
Bacillus subtilis
Lee, K.S.; Park, S.M.; Hwang, K.Y.; Chi, Y.M.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus fermenti
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
F61
199-201
2005
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Schonfeld, D.L.; Bornscheuer, U.T.
Polarimetric assay for the medium-throughput determination of alpha-amino acid racemase activity
Anal. Chem.
76
1184-1188
2004
Limosilactobacillus fermentum (Q03469)
Mobitz, H.; Bruice, T.C.
Multiple substrate binding states and chiral recognition in cofactor-independent glutamate racemase: a molecular dynamics study
Biochemistry
43
9685-9694
2004
Aquifex pyrophilus (P56868), Aquifex pyrophilus
Kada, S.; Nanamiya, H.; Kawamura, F.; Horinouchi, S.
Glr, a glutamate racemase, supplies D-glutamate to both peptidoglycan synthesis and poly-gamma-glutamate production in gamma-PGA-producing Bacillus subtilis
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
236
13-20
2004
Bacillus subtilis
Kimura, K.; Tran, L.S.; Itoh, Y.
Roles and regulation of the glutamate racemase isogenes, racE and yrpC, in Bacillus subtilis
Microbiology
150
2911-2920
2004
Bacillus subtilis
Ruzheinikov, S.N.; Taal, M.A.; Sedelnikova, S.E.; Baker, P.J.; Rice, D.W.
Substrate-induced conformational changes in Bacillus subtilis glutamate racemase and their implications for drug discovery
Structure
13
1707-1713
2005
Bacillus subtilis
Dodd, D.; Reese, J.G.; Louer, C.R.; Ballard, J.D.; Spies, M.A.; Blanke, S.R.
Functional comparison of the two Bacillus anthracis glutamate racemases
J. Bacteriol.
189
5265-5275
2007
Bacillus anthracis (Q81LA8), Bacillus anthracis (Q81UL8), Bacillus anthracis
May, M.; Mehboob, S.; Mulhearn, D.C.; Wang, Z.; Yu, H.; Thatcher, G.R.; Santarsiero, B.D.; Johnson, M.E.; Mesecar, A.D.
Structural and functional analysis of two glutamate racemase isozymes from Bacillus anthracis and implications for inhibitor design
J. Mol. Biol.
371
1219-1237
2007
Bacillus anthracis
Kim, K.H.; Bong, Y.J.; Park, J.K.; Shin, K.J.; Hwang, K.Y.; Kim, E.E.
Structural basis for glutamate racemase inhibition
J. Mol. Biol.
372
434-443
2007
Streptococcus pyogenes (Q9A1B7), Streptococcus pyogenes
Puig, E.; Garcia-Viloca, M.; Gonzalez-Lafont, A.; Lluch, J.M.
On the ionization state of the substrate in the active site of glutamate racemase. A QM/MM study about the importance of being zwitterionic
J. Phys. Chem. A
110
717-725
2006
Aquifex pyrophilus
Puig, E.; Garcia-Viloca, M.; Gonzalez-Lafont, A.; Lluch, J.M.; Field, M.J.
New insights into the reaction mechanism catalyzed by the glutamate racemase enzyme: pH titration curves and classical molecular dynamics simulations
J. Phys. Chem. B
111
2385-2397
2007
Aquifex pyrophilus (P56868)
Lundqvist, T.; Fisher, S.L.; Kern, G.; Folmer, R.H.; Xue, Y.; Newton, D.T.; Keating, T.A.; Alm, R.A.; de Jonge, B.L.
Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases
Nature
447
817-822
2007
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus
Sengupta, S.; Shah, M.; Nagaraja, V.
Glutamate racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits DNA gyrase by affecting its DNA-binding
Nucleic Acids Res.
34
5567-5576
2006
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geng, B.; Breault, G.; Comita-Prevoir, J.; Petrichko, R.; Eyermann, C.; Lundqvist, T.; Doig, P.; Gorseth, E.; Noonan, B.
Exploring 9-benzyl purines as inhibitors of glutamate racemase (MurI) in Gram-positive bacteria
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
18
4368-4372
2008
Enterococcus faecalis (Q836J0), Enterococcus faecium (Q836J0)
Basarab, G.S.; Hill, P.J.; Rastagar, A.; Webborn, P.J.
Design of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase inhibitors as selective antibacterial agents: a novel pro-drug approach to increase exposure
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
18
4716-4722
2008
Helicobacter pylori (Q9ZLT0), Helicobacter pylori
Breault, G.A.; Comita-Prevoir, J.; Eyermann, C.J.; Geng, B.; Petrichko, R.; Doig, P.; Gorseth, E.; Noonan, B.
Exploring 8-benzyl pteridine-6,7-diones as inhibitors of glutamate racemase (MurI) in gram-positive bacteria
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
18
6100-6103
2008
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus
Geng, B.; Basarab, G.; Comita-Prevoir, J.; Gowravaram, M.; Hill, P.; Kiely, A.; Loch, J.; Macpherson, L.; Morningstar, M.; Mullen, G.; Osimboni, E.; Satz, A.; Eyermann, C.; Lundqvist, T.
Potent and selective inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase (MurI): Pyridodiazepine amines
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
19
930-936
2009
Helicobacter pylori (Q9ZLT0), Helicobacter pylori
Okrasa, K.; Levy, C.; Hauer, B.; Baudendistel, N.; Leys, D.; Micklefield, J.
Structure and mechanism of an unusual malonate decarboxylase and related racemases
Chem. Eur. J.
14
6609-6613
2008
Aquifex pyrophilus (P56868)
Sengupta, S.; Nagaraja, V.
Inhibition of DNA gyrase activity by Mycobacterium smegmatis MurI
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
279
40-47
2008
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
Sengupta, S.; Ghosh, S.; Nagaraja, V.
Moonlighting function of glutamate racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: racemization and DNA gyrase inhibition are two independent activities of the enzyme
Microbiology
154
2796-2803
2008
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
de Almeida Leone, P.; Carroll, A.R.; Towerzey, L.; King, G.; McArdle, B.M.; Kern, G.; Fisher, S.; Hooper, J.N.; Quinn, R.J.
Exiguaquinol: a novel pentacyclic hydroquinone from Neopetrosia exigua that inhibits Helicobacter pylori MurI
Org. Lett.
10
2585-2588
2008
Helicobacter pylori
De Jonge, B.; Kutschke, A.; Uria-Nickelsen, M.; Kamp, H.; Mills, S.
Pyrazolopyrimidinediones are selective agents for Helicobacter pylori that suppress growth through inhibition of glutamate racemase (MurI)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
53
3331-3336
2009
Helicobacter pylori
Potrykus, J.; Flemming, J.; Bearne, S.
Kinetic characterization and quaternary structure of glutamate racemase from the periodontal anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
491
16-24
2009
Bacillus subtilis (P94556), Bacillus subtilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum (Q8REE6)
Mehboob, S.; Guo, L.; Fu, W.; Mittal, A.; Yau, T.; Truong, K.; Johlfs, M.; Long, F.; Fung, L.; Johnson, M.
Glutamate racemase dimerization inhibits dynamic conformational flexibility and reduces catalytic rates
Biochemistry
48
7045-7055
2009
Bacillus anthracis
Puig, E.; Mixcoha, E.; Garcia-Viloca, M.; González-Lafont, A.; Lluch, J.
How the substrate D-glutamate drives the catalytic action of bacillus subtilis glutamate racemase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
131
3509-3521
2009
Bacillus subtilis
Spies, M.; Reese, J.; Dodd, D.; Pankow, K.; Blanke, S.; Baudry, J.
Determinants of catalytic power and ligand binding in glutamate racemase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
131
5274-5284
2009
Bacillus subtilis (Q6L876), Bacillus subtilis
Whalen, K.L.; Pankow, K.L.; Blanke, S.R.; Spies, M.A.
Exploiting enzyme plasticity in virtual screening: high efficiency inhibitors of glutamate racemase
ACS Med. Chem. Lett.
1
9-13
2010
Bacillus subtilis
Jiang, F.; Qi, G.; Ji, Z.; Zhang, S.; Liu, J.; Ma, X.; Chen, S.
Expression of glr gene encoding glutamate racemase in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 and its regulatory effects on synthesis of poly-gamma-glutamic acid
Biotechnol. Lett.
33
1837-1840
2011
Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus licheniformis WX-02
Ramezani, M.; Resmer, K.L.; White, R.L.
Glutamate racemization and catabolism in Fusobacterium varium
FEBS J.
278
2540-2551
2011
Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium varium NCTC 10560 / ATCC 8501
Whalen, K.L.; Tussey, K.B.; Blanke, S.R.; Spies, M.A.
Nature of allosteric inhibition in glutamate racemase: discovery and characterization of a cryptic inhibitory pocket using atomistic MD simulations and pKa calculations
J. Phys. Chem. B
115
3416-3424
2011
Bacillus anthracis
Basarab, G.S.; Hill, P.; Eyermann, C.J.; Gowravaram, M.; Kaeck, H.; Osimoni, E.
Design of inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase as selective antibacterial agents: incorporation of imidazoles onto a core pyrazolopyrimidinedione scaffold to improve bioavailabilty
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
22
5600-5607
2012
Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori 055
Pal, M.; Bearne, S.L.
Inhibition of glutamate racemase by substrate-product analogues
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
24
1432-1436
2014
Enterococcus faecalis
Mixcoha, E.; Garcia-Viloca, M.; Lluch, J.M.; Gonzalez-Lafont, A.
Theoretical analysis of the catalytic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase
J. Phys. Chem. B
116
12406-12414
2012
Helicobacter pylori
Boehmer, N.; Dautel, A.; Eisele, T.; Fischer, L.
Recombinant expression, purification and characterisation of the native glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus plantarum NC8
Protein Expr. Purif.
88
54-60
2013
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (D7VBA0), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NC8 (D7VBA0)
Dean, S.F.; Whalen, K.L.; Spies, M.A.
Biosynthesis of a novel glutamate racemase containing a site-specific 7-hydroxycoumarin amino acid enzyme-ligand promiscuity revealed at the atomistic level
ACS Cent. Sci.
1
364-373
2015
Bacillus subtilis (P94556), Bacillus subtilis 168 (P94556)
Prosser, G.A.; Rodenburg, A.; Khoury, H.; de Chiara, C.; Howell, S.; Snijders, A.P.; de Carvalho, L.P.
Glutamate racemase is the primary target of beta-chloro-D-alanine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
60
6091-6099
2016
Bacillus subtilis (P94556), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P9WPW9), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus subtilis 168 (P94556), Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25618 / H37Rv (P9WPW9)
Poen, S.; Nakatani, Y.; Opel-Reading, H.K.; Lasse, M.; Dobson, R.C.; Krause, K.L.
Exploring the structure of glutamate racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a template for anti-mycobacterial drug discovery
Biochem. J.
473
1267-1280
2016
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (A0R1X0), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P9WPW9), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25618 / H37Rv (P9WPW9), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155 (A0R1X0)
Malapati, P.; Krishna, V.S.; Nallangi, R.; Srilakshmi, R.R.; Sriram, D.
Identification and development of benzoxazole derivatives as novel bacterial glutamate racemase inhibitors
Eur. J. Med. Chem.
145
23-34
2018
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P9WPW9), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25618 / H37Rv (P9WPW9)
Morayya, S.; Awasthy, D.; Yadav, R.; Ambady, A.; Sharma, U.
Revisiting the essentiality of glutamate racemase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Gene
555
269-276
2015
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P9WPW9), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25618 / H37Rv (P9WPW9)
Li, Y.; Mortuza, R.; Milligan, D.L.; Tran, S.L.; Strych, U.; Cook, G.M.; Krause, K.L.
Investigation of the essentiality of glutamate racemase in Mycobacterium smegmatis
J. Bacteriol.
196
4239-4244
2014
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (A0R1X0), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155 (A0R1X0)
Oh, S.Y.; Richter, S.G.; Missiakas, D.M.; Schneewind, O.
Glutamate racemase mutants of Bacillus anthracis
J. Bacteriol.
197
1854-1861
2015
Bacillus anthracis (Q81LA8), Bacillus anthracis (Q81UL8), Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus anthracis Sterne 34F2 (Q81LA8), Bacillus anthracis Sterne 34F2 (Q81UL8)
Liechti, G.; Singh, R.; Rossi, P.; Gray, M.; Adams, N.; Maurelli, A.
Chlamydia trachomatis dapF encodes a bifunctional enzyme capable of both D-glutamate racemase and diaminopimelate epimerase activities
mBio
9
pii: e00204-18
2018
Chlamydia trachomatis
Zhang, J.; Liu, J.; Ling, J.; Tong, Z.; Fu, Y.; Liang, M.
Inactivation of glutamate racemase (MurI) eliminates virulence in Streptococcus mutans
Microbiol. Res.
186-187
1-8
2016
Streptococcus mutans serotype c (Q8DSQ5), Streptococcus mutans serotype c ATCC 700610 / UA159 (Q8DSQ5)
Israyilova, A.; Buroni, S.; Forneris, F.; Scoffone, V.C.; Shixaliyev, N.Q.; Riccardi, G.; Chiarelli, L.R.
Biochemical characterization of glutamate racemase - a new candidate drug target against Burkholderia cenocepacia infections
PLoS ONE
11
e0167350
2016
no activity in Homo sapiens, Burkholderia cenocepacia
Ferla, M.P.; Brewster, J.L.; Hall, K.R.; Evans, G.B.; Patrick, W.M.
Primordial-like enzymes from bacteria with reduced genomes
Mol. Microbiol.
105
508-524
2017
Wolbachia pipientis (Q73GL9), Thermotoga maritima (Q9X0Z7), Wolbachia pipientis wMel (Q73GL9), Thermotoga maritima DSM 3109 (Q9X0Z7), Thermotoga maritima ATCC 43589 (Q9X0Z7), Thermotoga maritima JCM 10099 (Q9X0Z7)
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