5.1.1.18: serine racemase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about serine racemase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.1.1.18
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5.1.1.18
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d-serine
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n-methyl-d-aspartate
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co-agonist
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nmdars
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astrocyte
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d-amino
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schizophrenia
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neurotransmission
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pyridoxal
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hypofunction
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d-aspartate
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glutamatergic
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5'-phosphate-dependent
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nmda-type
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d-ser
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plp-dependent
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nmdar-mediated
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pharmacology
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medicine
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alanine-serine-cysteine
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drug development
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glycine-binding
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n-methyl-d
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vante
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brain-enriched
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gliotransmitter
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nmdar-dependent
- 5.1.1.18
- d-serine
- n-methyl-d-aspartate
-
co-agonist
-
nmdars
- astrocyte
-
d-amino
-
schizophrenia
-
neurotransmission
- pyridoxal
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hypofunction
- d-aspartate
-
glutamatergic
-
5'-phosphate-dependent
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nmda-type
- d-ser
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plp-dependent
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nmdar-mediated
- pharmacology
- medicine
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alanine-serine-cysteine
- drug development
-
glycine-binding
-
n-methyl-d
-
vante
-
brain-enriched
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gliotransmitter
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nmdar-dependent
Reaction
Synonyms
hSR, More, RiSR, RLO149_c015450, Ser racemase, SerR, SRace, SRR, T01H8.2, Zm-SR, ZmSR
ECTree
5.1.1.18 serine racemaseAdvanced search results
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results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 5.1.1.18 - serine racemase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in all cell layers of proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes
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vestibular sensory epithelium, in transitional cells therein, which are parasensory cells located between the sensory epithelium and the dark cells, and in dark cells
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cell line U87, inverse regulation of enzyme activity by D-serine and nitric oxide
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Schwann cell and other endoneural components of spinal nerve, lysates of sciatic nerve
a retinal Mueller cell line, enzyme expression analysis, uptake of D-serine in Mueller cells is specific for neutral amino acids and excludes anionic and cationic amino acids, specificity and activity of transporters, overview
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of neonatal rat, mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in all cell layers of proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes
additional information
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cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the enzyme is principally glial in all regions, but shows altered expression in schizophrenia increasing in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but not in cerebellum, expression analysis in healthy and schizophrenic brains, overview, no expression in Substantia nigra or in dentate gyrus granule cells or pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, no expression in granule cells and Golgi cells of he cerebellum
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post-mortem sample, increased expression in cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia
the enzyme mainly localizes in brain areas containing high levels of endogenous D-serine (i.e., hippocampus and corpus callosum) with intermediate levels in substantia nigra and caudate and negligible levels in brainstem. During postnatal development in the brain, the enzyme is localized in glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex and in the glutamatergic pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, where it is mainly present at postsynaptic sites. In the adult cerebellum, levels of the enzyme expression are lower than those reported for the telencephalic regions, a weak enzyme expression is also apparent in GABAergic Purkinje cells
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astrocyte glia, activation of enzyme by glutamate neurotransmission involving alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors
glial cells of brain, highest levels of enzyme in astrocyte-enriched cultures
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expression of serine racemase and of protein interacting with C-kinase, PICK1 are developmentally regulated. In neonatal mice with knock-out of protein interacting with C-kinase, PICK1 the levels of D-serine are selectively decreased in the forebrain
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adult cerebellum, weak but significant expression in gamma-aminobutyrate, i.e. GABAergic Purkinje cells
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adult, weak but significant enzyme signals are detected in GABAergic Purkinje cells
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adult, weak but significant enzyme signals are detected in GABAergic Purkinje cells
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pyramidal neuron of cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, predominant localization
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expression in gamma-aminobutyrate, i.e. GABAergic medium-spine neuron
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pyramidal neuron of cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, predominant localization
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in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in neocortex, GABAergic interneurons
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pyramidal neuron of cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, predominant localization. Serine racemase co-localizes with neuron-specific nuclear protein
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primarily, pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region
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intact retina of 1-3 day, 3 week, and 18 week old mouse. Robust expression of serine racemase, levels are developmentally regulated, with high levels during the early postnatal period, but diminishing considerably in the mature retina. D-Serine levels are regulated accordingly.
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intact retina of 1-3 day, 3 week, and 18 week old mouse. Robust expression of serine racemase, levels are developmentally regulated, with high levels during the early postnatal period, but diminishing considerably in the mature retina. D-Serine levels are regulated accordingly.
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ganglion cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and Müller cells of the retina
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developmental regulation of enzyme expression, in situ hybridization analysis, overview, D-serine levels are quite high in ganglion cells of neonatal retinas and decreasing rapidly postnatally
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developmental regulation of enzyme expression, in situ hybridization analysis, overview, D-serine levels are quite high in ganglion cells of neonatal retinas and decreasing rapidly postnatally
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localization of the enzme protein in the granular and cornified layer of the epidermis
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localization of the enzme protein in the granular and cornified layer of the epidermis
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additional information
ubiquitous tissue expression of the enzyme
additional information
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strong expression in elongating and developing cells
additional information
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the enzyme colocalizes with neuron-specific nuclear protein, but not with astrocytic markers, namely, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
additional information
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the enzyme colocalizes with neuron-specific nuclear protein, but not with astrocytic markers, namely, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
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additional information
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optimal growth temperature of the organism is 100°C
additional information
optimal growth temperature of the organism is 100°C
