4.6.1.1: adenylate cyclase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about adenylate cyclase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.6.1.1
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4.6.1.1
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camp
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agonist
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forskolin
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beta-adrenergic
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pertussis
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phosphodiesterase
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isoproterenol
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prostaglandin
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gtp
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dopamine
-
monophosphate
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cholera
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subtypes
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guanine
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pka
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desensitization
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phospholipase
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forskolin-stimulated
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g-proteins
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camp-dependent
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epinephrine
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pacap
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catecholamine
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parathyroid
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norepinephrine
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adrenergic
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muscarinic
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vasoactive
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guanylate
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receptor-mediated
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beta-adrenoceptor
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protein-coupled
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glucagon
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bordetella
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vasopressin
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toxin-sensitive
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naf
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inotropic
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gtp-binding
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3',5'-monophosphate
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carbachol
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propranolol
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radioligands
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dibutyryl
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ibmx
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adp-ribosylation
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somatostatin
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isoprenaline
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medicine
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pharmacology
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drug development
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rolipram
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3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
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analysis
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molecular biology
- 4.6.1.1
- camp
- agonist
- forskolin
-
beta-adrenergic
- pertussis
- phosphodiesterase
- isoproterenol
- prostaglandin
- gtp
- dopamine
- monophosphate
- cholera
- subtypes
- guanine
- pka
-
desensitization
- phospholipase
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forskolin-stimulated
- g-proteins
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camp-dependent
- epinephrine
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pacap
- catecholamine
- parathyroid
- norepinephrine
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adrenergic
-
muscarinic
-
vasoactive
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guanylate
-
receptor-mediated
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beta-adrenoceptor
-
protein-coupled
- glucagon
- bordetella
- vasopressin
-
toxin-sensitive
- naf
-
inotropic
-
gtp-binding
- 3',5'-monophosphate
- carbachol
- propranolol
-
radioligands
-
dibutyryl
- ibmx
-
adp-ribosylation
- somatostatin
- isoprenaline
- medicine
- pharmacology
- drug development
- rolipram
- 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- analysis
- molecular biology
Reaction
Synonyms
3',5'-cyclic AMP synthetase, AC, AC 1, AC 2, AC 3, AC 4, AC 5, AC 7, AC 8, AC 9, AC Rv1625c, AC toxin, AC-IV, AC-V, AC-VI, AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5, AC6, AC7, AC8, AC9, ACA, ACB, ACbeta, ACG, ACI, ACII, ACIII, ACT, ACTP10, ACV, ACVI, ADCY10, Adcy5, adenyl cyclase, adenylate cyclase, adenylate cyclase 1, adenylate cyclase 10, adenylate cyclase 5, adenylate cyclase 6, adenylate cyclase toxin, adenylate cyclase type 10, adenylate cyclase type 5, adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing)], Adenylate cyclase, olfactive type, adenylate cyclases I, adenylate cyclases IV, adenylate cyclases VI, adenylyl cyclase, adenylyl cyclase 1, adenylyl cyclase 2, adenylyl cyclase 5, adenylyl cyclase 6, adenylyl cyclase 8, adenylyl cyclase 9, adenylyl cyclase toxin, adenylyl cyclase type 1, Adenylyl cyclase type 10, adenylyl cyclase type 5, adenylyl cyclase type 6, adenylyl cyclase type 8, adenylyl cyclase type V, adenylyl cyclase type VI, adenylyl cyclase VI, adenylyl cyclase VII, adenylyl cyclase, type-V, adenylyl cyclase, type-VI, adenylyl cyclase-5, adenylyl cyclase-beta, adenylyl cyclase-V, adenylyl cyclases 1, adenylyl cyclases 8, adenylylcyclase, Amac3, ATP pyrophosphate-lyase, ATP-diphosphate-lyase cyclizing, ATP-pyrophosphate lyase cyclizing, bacterial photoactivated adenylyl cyclase, BGP_1043, bPAC, Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase, Ca(2+)/calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclase, Ca(II)- and calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase edema factor, Ca-stimulated type 8 adenylyl cyclase, Ca2+-calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase type 8, Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase, Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1, calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase, calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase, class I AC, class I adenylate cyclase, class II AC, class III AC, class III adenylate cyclase, class III adenylyl cyclase, class IIIb AC, class IV AC, class IV adenylyl cyclase, class IVadenylyl cyclase, class V AC, class VI AC, Cya, Cya1, CyaA, CyaA toxin, CyaB, cyaB1, CyaB1 adenylyl cyclase, CyaB2, cyaC, CyaG, cyclase, adenylate, Cyr1p, Edema factor, ExoY, G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase, GRESAG 4.1, GRESAG 4.3, GRESAG4.1, group 1 adenylyl cyclase, IIC2, ion-channel adenylyl cyclase, Ma1120, mAC, MAP0426c, MAP1279c, MAP1318c, MAP1357, MAP2079, MAP2250c, MAP2440, MAP2507c, MAP2672, MAP2695c, MAP3844, MAP4266, membrane adenylyl cyclase, ML1399, MM0123, MM0157, MM0286, MM0666, MM0730, MM0935, MM1414, MM2428, MM2454, MM2550, MM2962, MM3042, MM3043, MM3257, MM3505, MM3522, MM3640, MM3755, MM3757, MM3795, MM4078, MM4079, MM4080, MM4120, MM4173, MM4340, MM4370, MM4438, MM5137, MM5254, MM5257, More, MSMEG0218, MSMEG0536, MSMEG3253, MSMEG3579, MSMEG3786, MSMEG4282, MSMEG4472, MSMEG4909, MSMEG5003, MSMEG6117, Oscil6304_3613, PAC, particulate adenylyl cyclase, PfACalpha, pituitary adenylate cyclase, PleD, Rutabaga protein, Rv0386, Rv0891c, Rv1120c, Rv1264, Rv1318c, Rv1319c, Rv1320c, Rv1358, Rv1359, Rv1625c, Rv1647, Rv1900c, Rv2212, Rv2435c, Rv2488c, Rv3645, Ry1625c, sAC, sACI/II, SACY, Slr1991 adenylyl cyclase, soluble AC, soluble adenylate cyclase, soluble adenylyl cyclase, TczAC, tmAC, transmembrane adenylyl cyclase, transmembrane adenylyl cyclase type 1, transmembrane adenylyl cyclase type 3, transmembrane adenylyl cyclase type 8, type 1 AC, type 1 adenylyl cyclase, type 1 Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase, type 3 adenylyl cyclase, type 5 adenylyl cyclase, type 6 adenylyl cyclase, type 8 AC, type 8 adenylyl cyclase, type I adenylate cyclase, type II AC, type III adenylyl cyclase, type V AC, type V adenylate cyclase, type V adenylyl cyclase, type VI adenylyl cyclase, type VIII adenylyl cyclase, VC1, xlAC
ECTree
4.6.1.1 adenylate cyclaseAdvanced search results
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results (Activating Compound
Activating Compound on EC 4.6.1.1 - adenylate cyclase
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1,2,3-propanetriol
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isoform AC6 shows about 10% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2,3-propanetriol, isoform AC7 shows about 18% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2,3-propanetriol, isoform AC9 shows about 15% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2,3-propanetriol
1,2-Butanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 37% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2-butanediol, isoform AC7 shows about 38% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 32% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,2-butanediol
1,3-butanediol
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isoforms AC6 and AC7 show about 22% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,3-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 17% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,3-butanediol
1,3-Propanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 17% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,3-propanediol, isoform AC7 shows about 20% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,3-propanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 17% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,3-propanediol
1,4-Butanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 30% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,4-butanediol, isoform AC7 shows about 25% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,4-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 40% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1,4-butanediol
1-butanol
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isoform AC6 shows about 85% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-butanol, isoform AC7 shows about 110% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-butanol, isoform AC9 shows about 105% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-butanol
1-propanol
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isoform AC6 shows about 31% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-propanol, isoform AC7 shows about 50% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-propanol, isoform AC9 shows about 44% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 1-propanol
2,3-Butanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 30% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2,3-butanediol, isoform AC7 shows about 35% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2,3-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 41% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2,3-butanediol
2-butanol
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isoform AC6 shows about 60% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-butanol, isoform AC7 shows about 70% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-butanol, isoform AC9 shows about 60% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-butanol
2-propanol
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isoform AC6 shows about 20% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-propanol, isoform AC7 shows about 35% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-propanol, isoform AC9 shows about 40% stimulation of activity with 100 mM 2-propanol
A-77636
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a dopamine receptor agonist, the activation by can be reversed by D1-receptor antagonists SCH23390, SKF83566, and butaclamol
acetazolamide
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when apical membrane insertion of the vacuolar proton pumping ATPase is stimulated by treatment with acetazolamide, sAC is also concentrated in the apical membrane of A-intercalated cells
BIM-1
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specific protein-kinase C inhibitor, significantly increases cumulus cell cAMP concentrations
CAP
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for full activation of the AC in vivo RAS2-GTP, CAP and Gpa2 modulate the enzyme synergistically
Carbachol
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carbachol-induced capacitative Ca2+ entry clearly stimulates AC8-mediated cAMP production at the single-cell level
crude extract of cytosolic proteins from CHO cells
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at least 500fold increased adenylate cyclase activity
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D-(-)-2,3-butanediol
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isoforms AC6 and AC7show about 30% stimulation of activity with 100 mM D-(-)-2,3-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 10% stimulation of activity with 100 mM D-(-)-2,3-butanediol
D-glucose
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the stimulatory effect of D-glucose does not change in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists chloropromazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride, and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride
dihydrexidine
-
a dopamine receptor agonist, the activation by can be reversed by D1-receptor antagonists SCH23390, SKF83566, and butaclamol
EGF
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the stimulatory effect of EGF on adenylyl cyclase activity is enhanced in the presence of 0.005 mM Ca2+ and decreased in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+
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G protein subunit
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requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner
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GALPHAS protein
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250fold stimulation isoform V, 500fold stimulation isoform VI
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Gbeta1gamma2
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increases the activation of ACV and ACVI by forskolin or Galphas. Gbetagamma subunits derived from sources other than Gi participate in mediating the full activation of ACVI by the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol
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glucagon-like peptide-1
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stimulates the enzyme via activation of the specific G protein-coupled receptor GLP-1
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Gpa2
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for full activation of the AC in vivo RAS2-GTP, CAP and Gpa2 modulate the enzyme synergistically
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GSalpha proteins
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mediate stimulation of the adenylyl cyclase in case of hyperglycemia
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guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)tri-phosphate
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up to 4fold stimulation
guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate
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stimulation of enzyme activity up to 3.5fold
H89
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specific inhibitor of protein-kinase A, significantly increases cumulus cell cAMP concentrations at 0.0001 and 0.03 mM
Insulin
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the stimulatory effect of insulin on adenylyl cyclase is decreased to 28% in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+
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ionomycin
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increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, significantly increases cumulus cell cAMP concentrations
L-(+)-2,3-butanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 55% stimulation of activity with 100 mM L-(+)-2,3-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 45% stimulation of activity with 100 mM L-(+)-2,3-butanediol
meso-2,3-butanediol
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isoform AC6 shows about 15% stimulation of activity with 100 mM meso-2,3-butanediol, isoform AC7 shows about 28% stimulation of activity with 100 mM meso-2,3-butanediol, isoform AC9 shows about 10% stimulation of activity with 100 mM meso-2,3-butanediol
NaCl
O06362, O06572, O07732, O53213, O53720, P71914, P94982, P9WM05, P9WMU7, P9WMV1, P9WQ29, P9WQ31, P9WQ33, P9WQ35, Q11028
Rv1647 is slightly activated at 500 mM
Nicotine
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nicotine treatment in adulthood produces an immediate increase in adenylate cyclase activity in males that disappears upon withdrawal, nicotine increases the activating effect of forskolin, especially in males, overview
NKH 477
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application of NKH 477, a water-soluble forskolin analog, stimulates membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase
protein kinase A
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stimulates cAMP in the brain, the activation is increased in brains of patients with bipolar mood disorders, overview
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Protein kinase C
phosphorylation
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staurosporine
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non-specific protein-kinase C inhibitor, significantly increases cumulus cell cAMP concentrations
synthetic muramyl dipeptides
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subunits of bacterial peptidoglycan, strong activation of the enzyme and of hyphal growth, NMR analysis, overview. The LRR domain of Cyr1p is required as bindin gsite for Candida albicans response to the peptides, overview. Synergistic effects of synthetic muramyl dipeptides and CO2
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[8-arginine]vasopressin
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0.01 mM [8-arginine]vasopressin significantly activates cortical and medulla adenylyl cyclase
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5,5'-dimethyl-1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid
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cytosolic calcium chelator, reduces isolated juxtaglomerular intracellular calcium, allowing an increased activity of the calcium-inhibitable isoform adenylyl cyclase-V, stimulates both cAMP and renin release
5,5'-dimethyl-1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid
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decreases intracellular calcium, stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increases intracellular cAMP content by 125% and basal renin by 182%
A2B adenosine receptor
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activates the enzyme and regulates its activity and the cAMP signaling pathway in mast and microvascular cell, role of the C-terminus of the A2B receptor in stimulation of adenylate cyclase, which is important for A2B receptor coupling to Gs-adenylate cyclase, overview
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A2B adenosine receptor
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activates the enzyme and regulates its activity and the cAMP signaling pathway in mast and microvascular cell, role of the C-terminus of the A2B receptor in stimulation of adenylate cyclase, which is important for A2B receptor coupling to Gs-adenylate cyclase, overview
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alpha subunit of the guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory protein
-
activation
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bicarbonate
O06362, O06572, O07732, O53213, O53720, P71914, P94982, P9WM05, P9WMU7, P9WMV1, P9WQ29, P9WQ31, P9WQ33, P9WQ35, Q11028
stimulates purified Rv1319c catalytic domain
Calmodulin
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requirement for dual regulation of the AC by both Gs activation and Ca2+/calmodulin in a time-dependent manner
Calmodulin
activates, the N-terminal portion of CaM binds to the beta-hairpin region in the CA domain of CyaA, interaction mode, structure analysis of the calmodulin-CyaA complex and interface, and mechanism of catalytic activation, detailed overview. The N-terminus of CaM is linked to the C-terminus of CaM by a flexible linker with a defined degree of freedom. The potency of CaM D50C mutant to activate CyaA is enhanced about 10fold, mutants T26C or T41C
Calmodulin
a second isoform- and regulator-specific contact site in C2 is necessary to render enzyme activity susceptible to calmodulin modulation. In addition to the PFAHL-motif in C1b of ACII, calmodulin requires not only the Ca2+-independent AC28-region in C1b but also a Ca2+-dependent domain in C2a of ACI with the VLG-loop to stimulate this adenylyl cyclase isoform
Calmodulin
calmodulin activation of isoform Adcy1 can be regulated by selctive oxidation of the C-terminal Met residues in calmodulin, and by two N-terminal Met residues, M36 and M51. CaM with all Met residues oxidized is unable to activate the enzyme
Calmodulin
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co-application of 200 nM Ca2+ and calmodulin enhances the rate of cAMP synthesis by a factor of about 2.5
Calmodulin
AC1 activity is regulated by both Ca2+/calmodulin and G proteins
Calmodulin
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stimulates AC8 which shows a dis-inhibitory activation mechanism, Ca2+ stimulates transmembrane isozymes AC1 and AC8 via calmodulin, and inhibits AC5 and AC6 directly
cAMP
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the stimulatory effect of cAMP on adenylyl cyclase activity is enhanced in the presence of 0.005 mM Ca2+ and decreased in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+
CO2
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induces acidification of cells, accompanied by a rise in intracellular HCO3-
dopamine
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140% activation at 0.1 mM, activation in hippocampus and striatum, the stimulation is partially inhibited, up to 48%, by oxotremorine, inhibition of stimulation is blocked by muscarinic toxin MT3, purified from Dendroaspis angusticeps snake venom, overview
dopamine
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a dopamine receptor agonist, the activation by can be reversed by D1-receptor antagonists SCH23390, SKF83566, and butaclamol
Epidermal growth factor
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increases cAMP accumulation in a GTP-dependent manner, enhances AC5 activity via phosphorylation of Galphas on one or more tyrosine residues
Epidermal growth factor
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stimulates AC5, which is required for activation of a KCa1.1 channel in vascular smooth muscle and the subsequent upregulation of genes critical for cell proliferation
ethanol
AC7 is the most ethanol responsive isoform, N-terminal 28-amino-acid region of the C1a domain and the C-terminal region of the AC molecule are important for the enhancement of AC activity by ethanol
ethanol
AC2 is less responsive to ethanol than rat AC3 or human AC7, N-terminal 28-amino-acid region of the C1a domain and the C-terminal region of the AC molecule are important for the enhancement of AC activity by ethanol
ethanol
AC3 is far less responsive, AC2 is less responsive to ethanol than human AC7, N-terminal 28-amino-acid region of the C1a domain and the C-terminal region of the adenylate cyclase molecule are important for the enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity by ethanol
forskolin
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stimulates the activity of soluble forms of ACV comprising their C1 and C2 domains, but Gbeta1gamma2 does not alter the ability of the agonist to regulate adenylate cyclase activity
forskolin
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actions of Ca2+ chelator BAPTA are overcome by exposure to 0.001 mM forskolin, a direct stimulator of AC1, to restore cAMP levels
forskolin
-
free G protein Gsalpha subunits enhance adenylate cyclase responses to forskolin
forskolin
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stimulates Gbetagamma subunits whereby enhancing the activity of enzymes
forskolin
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decreased forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in suicide subjects
forskolin
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free G protein Gsalpha subunits enhance adenylate cyclase responses to forskolin
forskolin
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leads to cAMP accumulation in C6 glioma cells expressing the mu-opioid-receptor
forskolin
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activated by 0.001 mM forskolin, coapplication of geldanamycin (0.1-10 nM) effectively suppresses the increase in forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase activation by 56%
forskolin
forskolin binds cyclase relatively weakly in the absence of the Galphas subunit. The presence of Galphas substantially increases the ability of forskolin to complement and activate the cyclase
forskolin
-
binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview. Isozyme group IV contains forskolin-insensitive isozyme AC9, mode of regulation, overview
forskolin
-
activates isozymes AC-I to AC-VIII, but not AC-IX, which contains no forskolin binding site
forskolin
binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview. Isozyme group IV contains forskolin-insensitive isozyme AC9, mode of regulation, overview
forskolin
-
forskolin increases basal AC activity in Sf9 cell membranes expressing isoforms AC1 and AC2 by about 2-5fold, forskolin activates ACs in the order of potency AC1>AC5>mouse heart AC >AC2
forskolin
-
forskolin-stimulated cAMP production is significantly increased to levels that do not differ between isoforms following the expression of AC1, AC2, AC5, or AC6
forskolin
-
activates the enzyme, the mu-opioid selective agonists sufentanil and DAMGO inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity through a mechanism involving pertussis toxin sensitive Gai/o subunits, overview
forskolin
-
activation in hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala. The stimulation is inhibited in vivo by oxotremorine, which is not affected by scopolamine. M4 is the main subtype responsible for muscarinic inhibition of forskolin-stimulated enzyme, overview
forskolin
-
direct adenylate cyclase agonist, causes smaller increases in contraction and Ca2+ transient amplitudes in aged compared to younger ventricular myocytes
forskolin
-
forskolin activation is elevated by nicotine treatment in adolescence, especially in males
forskolin
-
increases cAMP in both the plasma membrane and cytosolic compartments, induces inter-endothelial cell gaps in cells expressing the soluble adenylate cyclase, when the soluble chimaera is relocalized to the plasma membrane, the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity does not induce gaps
G-protein
activation by betagamma subunits
-
G-protein
betagamma subunit
-
G-protein
betagamma subunits
-
Galphas
-
stimulates the activity of soluble forms of ACV comprising their C1 and C2 domains, but Gbeta1gamma2 does not alter the ability of the agonist to regulate adenylate cyclase activity
-
Galphas
-
stimulates Gbetagamma subunits whereby enhancing the activity of enzymes
-
Gbetagamma
a second isoform- and regulator-specific contact site in C2 is necessary to render enzyme activity susceptible to Gbetagamma modulation. In addition to the PFAHL-motif in C1b of ACII, Gbetagamma contacts the KF-loop in C2
-
Gbetagamma
-
Gbetagamma conditionally stimulates ACVI, but does not stimulate ACV
-
glucagon
-
0.04 mM glucagon significantly activates cortical and medulla adenylyl cyclase
Gsalpha
signal transduction from beta-adrenergic receptors via trimeric Gs proteins to their downstream targets, e.g. ACs
-
GTPgammaS
-
in the presence of Mg2+, GTPgammaS increases adenylyl cyclase activity 4fold, with an EC50 value of 80 nM
GTPgammaS
-
stimulates the enzyme in hyperglycemic and control vascular smooth muscle cells
guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate
-
activation
HCO3-
-
50 mM, 5-20fold activation in the presence of Mg2+, 3fold activation in the presence of Mn2+
HCO3-
-
50 mM, 5-20fold activation in the presence of Mg2+, 3fold activation in the presence of Mn2+
isoproterenol
-
isoproterenol-stimulated AC activity is potentiated by bile salts activation of PKCalpha and delta
isoproterenol
-
in the presence of GTP (0.01 mM), isoproterenol increases adenylyl cyclase activity approximately 2fold, with an EC50 value of 12 nM
isoproterenol
-
stimulates AC6 resulting in a significant increase in the arborization process
NKH477
-
half-maximal activation with NKH477 is in the low micromolar range with 0.0102 mM for isoform AC3 and 0.0036-0.0081 mM for native enzyme
norepinephrine
activates endogenously expressed b-adrenergic receptors, signal transduction from beta-adrenergic receptors via trimeric Gs proteins to their downstream targets, e.g. ACs
pertussis toxin
-
catalyses ADP-ribosylation of a cysteine residue on GalphaI, causing the G-protein complex to become uncoupled from the receptor, significantly increases cAMP concentrations
-
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
-
i.e. PACAP, a neurotrophic and neuromodulatory peptide, differentially modulates AMPA receptor-mediated current in CA1 pyramidal neurons by activation of PAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, both involving the cAMP/PKA pathway, mechanism and regulation, overview. It also enhances NMDA receptor-mediated currents
-
Ras2
-
in its GTP-bound form is essential for activation in vivo and functions as a direct stimulator of adenylate cyclase activity in vitro
-
Ras2
-
for full activation of the AC in vivo RAS2-GTP, CAP and Gpa2 modulate the enzyme synergistically
-
serotonin
-
AC2 stimulation followed by cAMP accumulation, no effect on AC5. AC2 co-transfected with Gs protein shows a synergistic effect on both baseline and agonist-stimulated cAMP accumulation. In the combined presence of Golf and AC2, the level of cAMP accumulation is enhanced in the agonist-stimulated cell line to levels equaling those of the AC2-expressing cell line only, with no effect on baseline activity. Similarly, when AC5 is co-expressed with Gs a synergistic effect with this pairing on both baseline and agonist-stimulated cAMP accumulation versus control can be observed. Because baseline activity is so high with the AC5/Gs pairing, the difference between stimulated and non-stimulated treatments is not significant. The AC5/Golf pairing fails to show any enhancement in cAMP accumulation upon serotonin stimulation, and no effect on baseline activity
serotonin
-
the stimulatory effect of serotonin on adenylyl cyclase activity (253%) is enhanced in the presence of 0.005 mM Ca2+
stimulating G protein
-
activating Gsalpha migrates from lipid rafts to nonraft membrane domains in prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in response to chronic, but not acute, treatment with tricyclic or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, resulting in a more facile association with adenylyl cyclase and increased of cAMP formation. The alteration in membrane localization is unique to Gsalpha, another caveolae and lipid raft resident G-protein, Gqalpha is unaltered
-
stimulating G protein
-
both alpha and betagamma subunits, activated by GTP binding, can modulate activity of effectors in transduction signaling, including adenylyl cyclase. In depressed patients, the expression of stimulatory G protein is increased and of inhibitory G protein is decreased, which suggests greater stimulation of the cAMP pathway
-
stimulating G protein
GalphaS, and Gbeta1 and Ggamma2 subunits, G-protein-coupled receptors couple Galphas and activate isozyme ACVI
-
stimulating G protein
-
i.e. s-Gs, comprising G protein subunits beta and gamma, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview, isozyme group II consists of Gbetagamma-stimulated AC 2, 4 and 7, G proteins interact with AC mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview
-
stimulating G protein
AC1 activity is regulated by both Ca2+/calmodulin and G proteins
-
stimulating G protein
-
Galphai subunits contribute to the reduction of adenylyl cyclase activity after either forskolin or GalphaS activation
-
stimulating G protein
GalphaS proteins, the activation of the chimeric mutant dimer of AC2/AC5 is highly increased compared to the single isozymes, overview
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stimulating G protein
i.e. s-Gs, comprising G protein subunits beta and gamma, binds to the cytoplasmic domains, structure overview, isozyme group II consists of Gbetagamma-stimulated AC 2, 4 and 7, G proteins interact with adenylate cyclase mainly through their switch II alpha-helices, which are conformational sensors for the alpha-activation state, mode of regulation, overview
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thapsigargin
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increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, significantly increases cumulus cell cAMP concentrations
thapsigargin
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thapsigargin-induced capacitative Ca2+ entry clearly stimulates AC8-mediated cAMP production at the single-cell level
additional information
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2-4fold enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity by the histidine kinase-receiver system, histidine kinase domain autophosphorylates on His572, subsequently the phosphate is transferred to the second receiver domain Asp895, which is adjacent to the CHD domain
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additional information
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is activated by different host cell factors and is inactive until injected into the host cell
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additional information
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is activated by different host cell factors and is inactive until injected into the host cell
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additional information
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cholera toxin, KN-62, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and BAPTA-am or a combination of 3 mM EGTA plus BAPTA-am have no effect on cAMP concentrations
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additional information
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the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview
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additional information
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the upstream regulator of Cyr1p, RAS1, is required for optimal response of the organism to synthetic muramyl dipeptides
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additional information
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delta-opoid receptor activation sensitizes subsequent stimulation of AC6 signaling and enhances AC6 phosphorylation
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additional information
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cytosolic regulator of AC essential for activation of ACA, ACG is activated by high osmolarity
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additional information
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acute activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 leads to stimulation of isoenzymes AC II, AC IV and AC VII
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additional information
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adenylyl cyclase isoenzyme IX is not activated by forskolin
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additional information
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insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
insensitive to either Ca2+ or betagamma subunits of G-proteins
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additional information
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phosphorylation of a C-terminally located threonine residue increases activity of AC2 in intact HEK-293 cells
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additional information
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prior activation of AC8 is not strictly necessary to observe Ca2+-driven cAMP dynamics. Nevertheless, amplitude of the transients is enhanced when AC8 is stimulated
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additional information
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binding of agonists to receptors leads to the activation of G proteins, which in turn activate adenylyl cyclase, overview
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additional information
no stimulation by sphingosine 1-phosphate in HEK 293 cells but synergistic effect on isoproterenol activation, overview
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additional information
no stimulation by sphingosine 1-phosphate in HEK 293 cells but synergistic effect on isoproterenol activation, overview
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additional information
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isoforms AC6, AC7 and AC9 are not significantly stimulated by 1,2,4-butanetriol and 1,2,3,4-butanetetraol
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additional information
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no activation of the soluble isozyme by GTP, guanosine 5'(betagamma-imido)-triphosphate, forskolin, fluorde, and cholera toxin. The transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview
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additional information
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in hypoxia isozyme ACVII expression is enhanced in wild-type retinas and it is further increased in sst2-lacking retinas, whereas in sst2 overexpressing retinas the increase of ACVII is lower than in wild-type retinas, overview
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additional information
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isozyme AC8 is neither stimulated by Gs nor inhibited by Gi
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additional information
isozyme AC8 is neither stimulated by Gs nor inhibited by Gi
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additional information
netrin-1 does not alter cAMP levels in axons attracted by this cue
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additional information
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no activation by histamine, glucagon, neuropeptide Y, and serotonin
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additional information
not stimulated by calcium, bicarbonate and forskolin
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additional information
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not stimulated by calcium, bicarbonate and forskolin
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
activity of Rv1264 is be regulated by pH
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
HAMP domain of Rv3645 activates adenylyl cyclase activity
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additional information
regulatory domain of Rv1264 regulates AC activity in a pH-dependent manner, activated at acidic pH due to pH-dependent structural transitions of the Rv1264 dimer, strongly activated by the addition of fatty acids, oleic acid may serve as a hinge
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additional information
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regulatory domain of Rv1264 regulates AC activity in a pH-dependent manner, activated at acidic pH due to pH-dependent structural transitions of the Rv1264 dimer, strongly activated by the addition of fatty acids, oleic acid may serve as a hinge
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additional information
unsaturated fatty acids strongly stimulate Rv2212 activity by increasing substrate affinity, greatly enhance the pH sensitivity, thus converting Rv2212 to a pH sensor adenylyl cyclasemore. At 1 mM, D-galactose, D-mannose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-fructose, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, DL-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-aspartic acid, D-alanine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-leucine, glycine, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, NADH, glyoxylic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate do not significantly affect activity of the holoenzyme
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additional information
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unsaturated fatty acids strongly stimulate Rv2212 activity by increasing substrate affinity, greatly enhance the pH sensitivity, thus converting Rv2212 to a pH sensor adenylyl cyclasemore. At 1 mM, D-galactose, D-mannose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-fructose, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, DL-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-aspartic acid, D-alanine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-leucine, glycine, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, NADH, glyoxylic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate do not significantly affect activity of the holoenzyme
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additional information
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the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview
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additional information
GAF domains bind cAMP and thereby increase the adenylate cyclase activity 27fold, thus functioning as an autoactivating switch and creating a feed-forward stimulatory mechanism
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additional information
GAF domains bind cAMP and thereby increase the adenylate cyclase activity 27fold, thus functioning as an autoactivating switch and creating a feed-forward stimulatory mechanism
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additional information
GAF domains bind cAMP and thereby increase the adenylate cyclase activity 27fold, thus functioning as an autoactivating switch and creating a feed-forward stimulatory mechanism
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additional information
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is activated by different host cell factors and is inactive until injected into the host cell
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additional information
completely insensitiv to forskolin and GTPgammaS
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additional information
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prolonged depolorization of cells, in the absence of Ca2+ leads to an increase in cAMP accumulation
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additional information
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chronic treatment with mu-opioid agonists leads to upregulation of the of the cAMP-signalling pathway
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additional information
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measurement of dopamine receptor agonist activation in a competitive assay with antagonists, e.g. SCH23390, overview
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additional information
netrin-1 does not alter cAMP levels in axons attracted by this cue
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additional information
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no activation of the soluble isozyme by the transmembrane isozyme-specific activator forskolin
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additional information
the soluble isozyme is insensitive to the regulation by forskolin and G proteins, but seems to be activated by a proteolytic mechanism
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additional information
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two signals activate the single, class IIId AC in vivo, a shift from carbohydrate-free to glucose-containing medium and an intracellular acidification upon carbon starvation
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additional information
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the transmembrane isozyme is induced by light, overview, lipopolysaacharides differentially affect the soluble and transmembrane isozymes in nuclei and chloroplasts
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