4.4.1.5: lactoylglutathione lyase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about lactoylglutathione lyase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.4.1.5
-
4.4.1.5
-
glycation
-
detoxify
-
gsh
-
dicarbonyls
-
erythrocyte
-
d-lactate
-
adduct
-
dismutase
-
endproducts
-
rage
-
s-transferase
-
mellitus
-
methylglyoxal-induced
-
glyoxalases
-
byproduct
-
hyperglycemia
-
glutathione-dependent
-
phosphoglucomutase
-
metalloenzyme
-
hemithioacetal
-
mg-induced
-
hla-a
-
aldose
-
3-deoxyglucosone
-
enediolate
-
d-lactic
-
pentosidine
-
cyclopentyl
-
mdhar
-
haptoglobin
-
aminoguanidine
-
diesters
-
monodehydroascorbate
-
6-phosphogluconate
-
anti-glycation
-
dehydroascorbate
-
anxiety-like
-
gsh-dependent
-
pyridoxamine
-
analysis
-
trypanothione
-
medicine
-
drug development
- 4.4.1.5
-
glycation
-
detoxify
- gsh
-
dicarbonyls
- erythrocyte
- d-lactate
- adduct
- dismutase
-
endproducts
- rage
- s-transferase
- mellitus
-
methylglyoxal-induced
-
glyoxalases
-
byproduct
- hyperglycemia
-
glutathione-dependent
- phosphoglucomutase
-
metalloenzyme
- hemithioacetal
-
mg-induced
- hla-a
- aldose
- 3-deoxyglucosone
-
enediolate
-
d-lactic
-
pentosidine
-
cyclopentyl
- mdhar
- haptoglobin
- aminoguanidine
- diesters
- monodehydroascorbate
- 6-phosphogluconate
-
anti-glycation
- dehydroascorbate
-
anxiety-like
-
gsh-dependent
- pyridoxamine
- analysis
- trypanothione
- medicine
- drug development
Reaction
Synonyms
aldoketomutase, CLO GlxI, Glb33, GLI, GLO I, GLO-1, GLO-I, Glo1, GloA, GloA1, GloA2, GloA3, GloI, Glx I, Glx-I, Glx1, GLXI, Gly I, gly-I, GLY1, glyoxalase 1, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase-1, glyoxalase-I, glyoxylase I, GmGlyox I, ketone-aldehyde mutase, lactoylglutathione lyase, lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase, LGL, lyase, lactoylglutathione, methylglyoxalase, methylglyoxylase, OsGLYI-11.2, PfGlx I, rhGLO I, S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase, S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing), S-D-lactoylglutathione:methylglyoxal lyase, SpGlo1, STM3117, YaiA
ECTree
4.4.1.5 lactoylglutathione lyaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 4.4.1.5 - lactoylglutathione lyase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
gamma-glutamylcysteine-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
?
gamma-glutamylcysteine-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
gamma-glutamylcysteine-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal
?
gamma-glutamylcysteine-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + 2,4-dimethylphenylglyoxal
S-(2,4-dimethyl)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 4-bromophenylglyoxal
S-(4-bromo)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + 4-methylphenylglyoxal
S-(4-methyl)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + m-methoxyphenylglyoxal
S-(3-methoxy)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal
S-(4-hydroxy)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + p-methoxyphenylglyoxal
S-(4-methoxy)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
homoglutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylhomoglutathione
homoglutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
homoglutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal
?
homoglutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)S-lactoylglutathione
Amaranthus sp.
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + reduced trypanothione
S-D-lactoyltrypanothione
-
-
-
?
S-D-lactoyltrypanothione
methylglyoxal + reduced trypanothione
-
-
-
?
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione + methylglyoxal
-
-
-
r
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione + methylglyoxal
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glyoxalase I catalyzes the isomerization of a hemithioacetal, formed from glutathione and methylglyoxal, to lactic acid thioester
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-D-lactoylglutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
r
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
cytosolic isozyme Glo1 is functional, but the recombinant Glo1-like protein is inactive in a standard enzyme assay
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
?
-
detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
?
-
detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
methylglyoxal is a highly reactive carbonyl compound generated by carbohydrate oxidation and glycolysis, is a major precursor of protein glycation and induces cytotoxicitay leading to apoptosis
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
methylglyoxal is a reactive dicarbonyl compound mainly produced by metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, binds to proteins or nucelic acids and forms advanced glycation end products
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
glutathione reacts with methylglyoxal forming a hemithioacetal, and then glyoxlase I catalyses the formation of S-D-lactoylglutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-D-lactoylglutathione
very poor substrate, specificity constant 280fold lower than of the N1-glutathionylspermidine
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-D-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-D-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
most active with methylglyoxal
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
most active with methylglyoxal
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the hemimercaptal adduct produced nonenzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione is the substrate
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
stereospecifically transfers hydrogen to form S-D-lactoylglutathione from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
stereospecifically transfers hydrogen to form S-D-lactoylglutathione from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathione
-
the substrat is the hemithioacetal of methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione + p-chlorophenylglyoxal
S-(4-chloro)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + p-chlorophenylglyoxal
S-(4-chloro)mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + phenylglyoxal
S-mandeloylglutathione
-
no activity detectable
-
-
?
glutathione + phenylglyoxal
S-mandeloylglutathione
-
no activity detectable
-
-
?
glutathione + phenylglyoxal
S-mandeloylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione ethyl ester + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathionyl ethyl ester
-
-
-
?
glutathione ethyl ester + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathionyl ethyl ester
-
-
-
?
glutathione isopropyl ester + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathionyl isopropyl ester
-
-
-
?
glutathione isopropyl ester + methylglyoxal
S-lactoylglutathionyl isopropyl ester
-
-
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione, Gly-I may play a critical detoxifying role in glycolysis to maintain cellular activity and viability of prostatic cancer cells
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione, operates in conjunction with glyoxalase II to convert cytotoxic methylglyoxal to nontoxic D-lactate
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
glutathione-methylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal
?
glutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
glutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal
?
-
glutathione-phenylglyoxal hemithioacetal is formed non-enzymatically from phenylglyoxal and glutathione
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
-
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione
-
first step in the glyoxalase system, detoxification of methylglyoxal
-
-
r
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
non-enzymatic formation of hemithioacteal as substrate for gly I
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
glyoxalase I is a member of the metallogltathione transferase superfamily and plays a critical role in detoxification of the cytotoxic methylglyoxal to S-D-lactoylglutathione via 1,2-hydrogen transfer
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
non-enzymatic formation of hemithioacetal from methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione
enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically as a function of thioester formation, S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione, by measuring the rate of change of absorbance at 240 nm
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
non-enzymatic formation of hemithioacteal as substrate for gly I. The active site of gly I has binding affinity for zinc ion and hemithioacetal, and his His residue might be important for its catalytic activity
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
the hemiacetal of methylglyoxal + glutathione is used as substrate, pH 6.8, 20°C
the product formation is measured by monitoring the increase of absorbance at 240 nm
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
methylglyoxal and glutathione form an intermediate, the hemithioacetal, which is catalyzed to S-D-lactoylglutathione by GlxI. Subsequently S-D-lactoylglutathione is hydrolyzed to D-lactate and glutathione by GlxII (EC 3.1.2.6)
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
determined monitoring the increase in absorbance at 240 nm for 5 min at 25°C, pH 7.0
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
-
product measured by monitoring the increase of absorbance at 240 nm by formation of S-D-lactoylglutathione, pH 6.6, 37°C
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
the hemiacetal of methylglyoxal + glutathione is used as substrate, pH 7.0, 30°C
the formation is measured by monitoring the increase of absorbance at 240 nm
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
the hemiacetal of methylglyoxal + glutathione is used as substrate, 25°C
the formation is measured by monitoring the increase of absorbance at 240 nm
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
liver homogenate, the effects of taurine, ethanol, and iron alone or in combination are analyzed, pH 7.0, 37°C
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
permeabilized cell suspensions, 30°C, pH 7.1
formation is monitored by measuring the increase at 240 nm
-
?
methylglyoxal + glutathione
S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + trypanothione
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + trypanothione
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + trypanothione
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione, preferentially utilizes the hemithioacetal formed between methylglyoxal and trypanothione as the substrate
-
-
?
methylglyoxal + trypanothione
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
two major intracelluar thiols are used, glutathione and trypanothione
-
-
?
N1-glutathionylspermidine + methylglyoxal
?
specificity constant of N1-glutathionylspermidine 50fold less than of glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + 2 methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + 2 methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
high specificity of the kinetoplastid Glo1 isoform for its trypanothione, i.e. N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, substrate as compared with glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
high specificity of the kinetoplastid Glo1 isoform for its trypanothione, i.e. N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, substrate as compared with glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
high specificity of the kinetoplastid Glo1 isoform for its trypanothione, i.e. N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, substrate as compared with glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
high specificity of the kinetoplastid Glo1 isoform for its trypanothione, i.e. N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, substrate as compared with glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
high specificity of the kinetoplastid Glo1 isoform for its trypanothione, i.e. N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, substrate as compared with glutathione
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
r
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
cell lysate, pH 7.0, 25°C
the formation is measured by monitoring at 240 nm
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
cell lysate, pH 7.0, 25°C
the formation is measured by monitoring at 240 nm
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
cell lysate of the recombinant protein, esxpression of GLO1 from Trypanosomas cruzi in Trypanosomas brucei which lacks GLO1 activity, pH 7.0, 25°C
the product formation is measured by monitoring at 240 nm
-
?
trypanothione + methylglyoxal
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione
-
the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Amaranthus sp.
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyxalase-1 homologue CeGly is subcloned into a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) vector under control of its native promotor. Enzymatic activity of CeGly in cultures of age-synchronized 1-day-old transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans overexpressing CeGly is ca. 200fold higher than in the wild-type strain. Increased enzymatic activity in transgenic animals results in a significant reduction of both methylglyoxal and methylglyoxal-derived arginine- and lysine-derived adducts. Increased glyxalase-1 activity significantly prolongs lifespan. Mean lifespan increases in transgenic animals from 13.3 days to 17.2 days and maximum lifespan from 28 days to 37 days
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the calculated longer-range electrostatic attractive potential for the enzyme is centred between and above the two active sites, suggesting a possible approach trajectory for the substrate targeted initially to a position above the two active sites followed by migration to one of the two active sites allowing for enzymatic reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
disinfected water from two drinking water production plants at the river Po in North Italy markedly perturb the crap liver detoxfifying system, in terms of both induction and inhibition of enzyme activities and glutathione content
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is a part of the glyoxalase system that is composed of EC 4.4.1.5 and EC 3.1.2.6. The glyoxalase system converts toxic alpha-keto aldehydes into their corresponding nontoxic 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is a part of the glyoxalase system that is composed of EC 4.4.1.5 and EC 3.1.2.6. The glyoxalase system converts toxic alpha-keto aldehydes into their corresponding nontoxic 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is a part of the glyoxalase system that is composed of EC 4.4.1.5 and EC 3.1.2.6. The glyoxalase system converts toxic alpha-keto aldehydes into their corresponding nontoxic 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is associated with cell proliferation, the activity is modulated during the proliferation cycle with a maximal activity between day 2 and day 4 of culture growth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
overexpression of the enzyme completely prevents both hyperglycemia-induced advanced glycation products from methylglyoxal and increased macromolecular endocytosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Glo1 is the major cellular enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of methylglyoxal and thereby protects against dicarbonyl glycation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the Leishmania sp. glxI preferentially utilizes the hemithioacetal formed between methylglyoxal and trypanothione as the substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
spectrophotometric measurement of enzyme activity in tissue and cell culture, modified for use with a UV-transparent microplate for higher sample throughput, method, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glyoxalase system containing glyoxalase I and II catalyzes the conversion of 2-oxoaldehydes into their corresponding 2-hydroxyacids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
major cellular function of glycolase I is the inactivation of methylglyoxal, a toxic by-product of the triose phosphate isomerase reaction of glycolysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction involves abstraction of a proton from carbon 1 and reinsertion of the proton at carbon 2. Proton transfer takes place with limited proton exchange with the surrounding medium, and a hydride transfer is involved. In the absence of substrate or product, the metal is coordinated with 2 water molecules in addition to the side chains of Gln33 and Glu99 in the same subunit and His126 and Glu172 from the neighbouring subunit. During the catalytic process the water molecule are displaced by the incoming substrate. Glu172 serves as the acid-base in the catalytic mechanism.
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-ketoaldehydes may be formed in cells during oxidative processes, glyoxalase I is the main enzyme involved in the detoxification pathway for these highly toxic compounds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glyoxalase I activity is involved in the detoxification of toxic metabolites produced during lipid peroxidation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
together with the second enzyme of the glyoxalase system, EC3.1.2.6, EC4.4.1.5 may detoxify the electrophilic 2-oxoaldehydes which can be formed in the cell from endogenous precursors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glyoxalase I catalyzes the isomerization reaction of thiohemiacetal, which is formed nonenzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
study of the pathophysiological role of glyaylase I as an methylglyxal detoxifier in rat ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system detoxifies methylglyoxal and is composed of two enzymes: glyoxylase I (GLO I), which metabolizes methylglyoxal to S-D-lactoylglutathione, and glyoxalase II (GLO II, EC 3.1.2.6) which converts S-D-lactoylglutathione to D-lactate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
knockdown of glyoxalase I by SiRNA transfecetion in rat tubulart cells exacerbates cell-death by hyposia-reoxygenation compared to control cells. Glyoxalase I exerts renoprotective effects in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via the reduction in methylglyoxal accumulation in tubluar cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase I activity is measured spectrophotometrically by S-D-lactoylglutathione formation at 240 nm
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
may serve to detoxify methylglyoxal produced from triosephosphates. Increased expression of glyoxalase I may be linked to a higher demand for ATP generation and to enhanced glycolysis in salt-stressed plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the glyoxalase system is an ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of highly reactive ketoaldehydes
-
-
?
