4.2.3.16: (4S)-limonene synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about (4S)-limonene synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.2.3.16
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4.2.3.16
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monoterpene
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mentha
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spearmint
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4s-limonene
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perilla
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spicata
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frutescens
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gpp
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myrcene
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piperita
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peppermint
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beta-pinene
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valencene
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linalyl
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synthesis
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agriculture
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industry
- 4.2.3.16
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monoterpene
- mentha
- spearmint
-
4s-limonene
-
perilla
- spicata
- frutescens
- gpp
- myrcene
- piperita
- peppermint
- beta-pinene
- valencene
-
linalyl
- synthesis
- agriculture
- industry
Reaction
Synonyms
(-)-limonene synthase, (4S)-LS, ag9, CsTPS1, EC 4.1.99.10, limonene synthase, LS, MsLS, PsTPS-Lim
ECTree
4.2.3.16 (4S)-limonene synthaseAdvanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 4.2.3.16 - (4S)-limonene synthase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-limonene + diphosphate
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42% terpinolene, 18% (-)-alpha-pinene, 11% (-)-limonene, 10% (-)-beta-pinene plus several minor products
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?
geranyl diphosphate
(S)-limonene + diphosphate
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important step in the biosynthesis of perillaldehyde
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-
?
geranyl diphosphate
limonene + diphosphate
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step 3 and 4 of monoterpene biosynthesis, geranyl diphosphate is first ionized and isomerized to produce linalyl diphosphate, which either produces the acyclic monoterpenes or the alpha-terpinyl cation, the universal intermediate for cyclic monoterpenes and transformation of the parent structures to various derivatives
limonene is a cyclic monoterpene, minor constituent of the spike lavender oil
-
?
6,7-dihydrogeranyl diphosphate
?
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reaction yields only achiral, olefin products from 6,7-dehydrogeranyl diphosphate, no significant amounts of terpenols or homoterpenols are formed
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?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
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small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and beta-phellandrene as side products
?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
induced by stem wounding, enhances resistance to insects
small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and beta-phellandrene as side products
?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
Mentha sp.
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-
small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and myrcene as side products
?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
Mentha sp.
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-
small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and myrcene as side products
?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
Mentha sp.
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-
small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and myrcene as side products
?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
Mentha sp.
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(3S)-linalyl diphosphate as intermediate
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?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
Mentha sp.
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essential for menthol production
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?
geranyl diphosphate
(-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
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cyclization proceeds via preliminary isomerization to the bound tertiary intermediate 3S-linalyl diphosphate
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?
additional information
?
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entire product set is derived in stereochemically consistent fashion via (-)-3S-linalyl diphosphate as intermediate
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?
additional information
?
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overexpression of the LS does not alter the photosynthetic pigment content of spike lavender leaves
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-
?
