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4.2.1.2: fumarate hydratase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about fumarate hydratase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 4.2.1.2

Reaction

(S)-malate
=
fumarate
 +
H2O

Synonyms

At2g47510, At5g50950, Bxe_A1038, Bxe_A3136, class II fumarase, Fum, FUM C, FUM1, FUM2, FumA, fumarase, fumarase A, fumarase C, fumarase/mesaconase, fumarate hydratase, FumB, FumC, FumD, FumF, FUMR, hydratase, fumarate, L-malate hydro-lyase, LmFH-1, LmFH-2, LmjF24.0320, LmjF29.1960, mesaconase/fumarase, MmcBC, PF1754, PF1755, rv1098c, scFUMC, slFumC, stFUMC, Tneu_1334, Tneu_1335

ECTree

     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
                4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase

Expression

Expression on EC 4.2.1.2 - fumarate hydratase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
at least 15fold downregulated in presence of acetate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, succinate or pyruvate
expression is induced by growth on acetate and mesaconate
expression is induced upon DNA damage
-
fumarate hydratase levels increase 2fold after 24 h of treatment with double-strand breaks. Is overexpressed in response to DNA damage
-
is overexpressed in response to DNA damage
-
knock down of total cellular fumarate hydratase expression using specific shRNA
-
level of FUM2 RNA in rosette leaves is higher in the light than in the dark, but total fumarase activity remains constant throughout the diurnal cycle
level of fumarase mRNA is upregulated both in the DELTacit2 and wild-type plus pCit2 strains. Approximately 2fold higher Fum1 mRNA level in a DELTAcit2 strain when compared with the wild-type strain. Significant increase in fumarase expression and cellular enzymatic activity in the glyoxylate deletion strains: DELTAmls1, DELTAicl1, DELTAaco1and DELTAcit2. Succinic acid in the growth medium affects fumarase dual distribution, succinic acid directly interacts with fumarase and slows down its folding thereby causing more fumarase to be fully imported into mitochondria
-
the expression of the Fum2 gene is unaffected by phytochrome both in darkness and in light
the main regulator of Fum1 gene transcription, is phytochrome A. The active form of phytochrome A suppresses Fum1 expression. The signal transduction mechanism operates via Ca2+ activation of expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor PIF3, which binds to promoters of phytochrome-regulated genes and inhibits Fum1 expression