4.1.2.38: benzoin aldolase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about benzoin aldolase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.2.38
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4.1.2.38
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thiamin
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bal
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carboligation
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fluorescens
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benzoylformate
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thdp-dependent
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r-benzoin
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stereoselective
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enantioselective
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diphosphate-dependent
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biovar
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acyloins
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biocatalysis
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model-based
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carbon-carbon
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synthesis
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carboligase
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1',4'-iminopyrimidine
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propanal
- 4.1.2.38
- thiamin
- bal
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carboligation
- fluorescens
- benzoylformate
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thdp-dependent
-
r-benzoin
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stereoselective
-
enantioselective
-
diphosphate-dependent
-
biovar
- acyloins
-
biocatalysis
-
model-based
-
carbon-carbon
- synthesis
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carboligase
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1',4'-iminopyrimidine
- propanal
Reaction
Synonyms
BAL, benzaldehyde lyase, benzoin aldolase, BZL, BznB, lyase, benzaldehyde
ECTree
4.1.2.38 benzoin aldolaseAdvanced search results
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results (Activating Compound
Activating Compound on EC 4.1.2.38 - benzoin aldolase
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
benzaldehyde
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no activity with 200 mg m/L benzaldehyde. Reaction conducted with 50 mg benzaldehyde results in a 90% conversion after 45 min
dimethyl sulfoxide
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highest activity between 20% and 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (v/v) with a peak at 25%. Records of pH-activity profiles at different dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations and constant ionic strength (100 mM) reveals a strong influence of the cosolvent on the activity of BAL, and indicates a cross effect on the optimal pH with a shift of profiles to the alkaline milieu. Correlation between the dependency on pH and dimethyl sulfoxide concentration is due to interaction of dimethyl sulfoxide with the amino acid side chain Glu50 in the catalytic site of the biocatalyst
galactose
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isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside addition is not required to induce recombinant protein production as galactose, one of the monomers of trisaccharide raffinose present in the beet molasses (1.2%), induces the lac promoter
thiamine diphosphate
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the cofactor is fixed at the two ends in separate domains, suspending a comparatively mobile thiazolium ring between them
additional information
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synthetic BAL activity in KH2PO4 buffer (pH 8.5, 30% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide) reveals that the ionic strength of the buffer system has a very strong reciprocal effect on the activity of BAL, i.e. in a range between 25 mM and 500 mM, highest initial rates are observed at lowest ionic strength, and activity decreases with increasing ionic strength
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additional information
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at fed-batch operation FBO1 (when air-flow rate decreases considerably), feed is given to the system in pulses in such a way that pretreated-beet molasses concentration increases by 10 kg/m3 (containing 2.5 g/L glucose and 2.5 g/L fructose), FBO2 (when fructose and glucose are completely utilized, pretreated-beet molasses is pulse-fed and its concentration increases by 10 g/L), and FBO3 conditions, almost the same BAL volumetric activities are obtained. Fed-batch operation FBO3 is the best feeding strategy because in FBO3 with the decreased amount of pretreated-beet molasses (6 g/L), shift response time from glucose to fructose consumption is avoided, and glucose and fructose consumptions are well correlated with air-flow rate, and the highest cell concentration (8.04 g/L) and BAL (2,315 U/mL) production are obtained (t=24 h) with the highest substrate yield on cell and product formation
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additional information
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highest cell concentration (3.0 kg/m3) and volumetric BAL activity (1095 U/cm3) is obtained at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations of 0.08 mol/m3. Oxygen consumption and glucose consumption for maintenance are changed proportionally and inverse proportionally with the BAL production, respectively. Highest activity is obtained by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLySs carrying pRSETA::bal as 910 U/cm3. Activity values obtained for Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLySs harboring modified pUC18::bal, Escherichia coli K12 having modified pUC18::bal and Escherichia coli JM 109 containing pRSETA::bal, and Escherichia coli JM 109 carrying modified pUC18::bal are 760, 745, 375, and 375 U/cm3, respectively
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additional information
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highest cell concentration and BAL activity are obtained as CX = 5.3 g/L and A = 1617 U/cm3, respectively, in the medium containing 30 g/L pretreated beet molasses consisting of 7.5 g/L glucose and 7.5 g/L fructose
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