4.1.1.5: acetolactate decarboxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about acetolactate decarboxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.5
-
4.1.1.5
-
diacetyl
-
2,3-butanediol
-
lactis
-
lactococcus
-
brewer
-
diacetylactis
-
biovar
-
aerogenes
-
butanediol
-
brewing
-
wort
-
synthesis
-
nutrition
- 4.1.1.5
- diacetyl
- 2,3-butanediol
- lactis
- lactococcus
-
brewer
- diacetylactis
-
biovar
- aerogenes
-
butanediol
- brewing
-
wort
- synthesis
- nutrition
Reaction
Synonyms
ADC, ALD, aldB, ALDC, alpha-Acetolactate decarboxylase, AlsD, BudA1, Decarboxylase, acetolactate
ECTree
4.1.1.5 acetolactate decarboxylaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 4.1.1.5 - acetolactate decarboxylase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2R,3R)-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-2-methylbutanoic acid-kappaO]zinc(2+)
?
transition state analogue acts as substrate and competitive inhibitor
-
-
?
(2R,3S)-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-2-methylbutanoic acid-kappaO]zinc(2+)
?
transition state analogue acts as substrate and mixed-type inhibitor
-
-
?
(2S,3R)-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-2-methylbutanoic acid-kappaO]zinc(2+)
?
transition state analogue acts as substrate and competitive inhibitor
-
-
?
(2S,3S)-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-2-methylbutanoic acid-kappaO]zinc(2+)
?
transition state analogue acts as substrate and competitive inhibitor
-
-
?
(2S,3S)-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-2-methylbutanoic acid-kappaO]zinc(2+)
?
transition state analogue acts as substrate and competitive inhibitor
-
-
?
(R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
decarboxylates both enantiomers of acetolactate to form (R)-acetoin, decarboxylation at a lower rate than of the (S)-enantiomer, mechanism
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
ir
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
Acetobacter aceti IFO3288/NBRC 3288
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
best substrate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
best substrate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
ir
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
acetolactate decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of both enantiomers of acetolactate to the (R)-enantiomer of acetoin, via a mechanism that involves a prior rearrangement of the non-natural (R)-enantiomer substrate to the natural (S)-enantiomer
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
Lactococcus lactis NRCIM-7590
-
-
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
decarboxylates both enantiomers of acetolactate to form (R)-acetoin, (S)-enantiomer is the normal substrate, mechanism
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
alpha-acetolactate metabolism
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
catalyzes the second step of the acetoin pathway, catabolism of pyruvate, responsible for the regulation of the pool of alpha-acetolactate in the cell during branched-chain amino acids metabolism, mode of transcriptional and translational regulation of ALDC production
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
regulates leucine and valine biosynthesis by diverting the flux of alpha-acetolactate towards acetoin when branched-chain amino acids are present at a high concentration, involved in catabolism of pyruvate to acetoin, but less important function in vivo
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-acetoin + CO2
regulates leucine and valine biosynthesis by diverting the flux of alpha-acetolactate towards acetoin when branched-chain amino acids are present at a high concentration, involved in catabolism of pyruvate to acetoin, but less important function in vivo
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate
3-Hydroxypentan-2-one + CO2
Acidobacterium aerogenes
-
specifically decarboxylates the (S)-enantiomer
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate
3-Hydroxypentan-2-one + CO2
-
both enantiomers
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate
3-Hydroxypentan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
Achromobacter metalcaligenes
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
Acidobacterium aerogenes
-
specifically decarboxylates the S-enantiomer, forming (R)-acetoin with inversion of configuration
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
?
-
enzyme is a key regulator of Val and Leu biosynthesis, by controlling the acetolactate flux by a shift to catabolism
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
?
-
enzyme catalyzes the second step of the 2,3-butanediol pathway
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
?
-
activation by Leu, Val and Ile
-
-
?
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
?
-
enzyme is involved in acetoin production
-
-
?
DL-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
DL-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
(3R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme in D2O induces a D/H exchange in (R)-acetoin and not the (S)-isomer to give a deuteriated product with retention of configuration
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme isomerizes (S)-2-acetohydroxybutyrate to (R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-one
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
evidence for the putative carboxylate migration during decarboxylation of (R)-isomers of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate and analogues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme appears to catalyze both the stereoselective decarboxylation/protonation and the rearrangement reaction of the non-natural substrate. The enzyme isomerizes (S)-2-acetohydroxybutyrate to (R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-one and (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentanoate to (R)-2-hydroxypentan-3-one
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ALD does not catalyze the direct production of diacetyl from 2-acetolactate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ALD does not catalyze the direct production of diacetyl from 2-acetolactate
-
?
additional information
?
-
not: alpha-acetohydroxybutyrate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: alpha-acetohydroxybutyrate
-
?
additional information
?
-
not: alpha-acetohydroxybutyrate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: alpha-acetohydroxybutyrate
-
?
