4.1.1.31: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.31
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4.1.1.31
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gluconeogenesis
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gluconeogenic
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malate
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co2
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hepatocytes
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glucose-6-phosphatase
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glycogen
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g6pase
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triglyceride
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maize
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malic
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camp
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glucocorticoid
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hyperglycemia
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adipose
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fructose
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peroxisome
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glucagon
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glucokinase
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mesophyll
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crassulacean
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high-fat
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rubisco
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anaplerotic
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proliferator-activated
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hepatoma
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nadp-malic
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tricarboxylic
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ribulose
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lipogenesis
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dikinase
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lipogenic
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sorghum
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periportal
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ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
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anti-diabetic
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orthophosphate
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glycogenolysis
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photorespiration
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fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
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carboxylases
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6-phosphatase
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hypoglycemic
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oxalacetate
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rubp
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1,5-bisphosphate
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biotechnology
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perivenous
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agriculture
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synthesis
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transphosphorylating
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photorespiratory
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1,6-bisphosphatase
- 4.1.1.31
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gluconeogenesis
-
gluconeogenic
- malate
- co2
- hepatocytes
- glucose-6-phosphatase
- glycogen
- g6pase
- triglyceride
- maize
-
malic
- camp
- glucocorticoid
- hyperglycemia
- adipose
- fructose
- peroxisome
- glucagon
- glucokinase
- mesophyll
-
crassulacean
-
high-fat
- rubisco
-
anaplerotic
-
proliferator-activated
- hepatoma
-
nadp-malic
-
tricarboxylic
- ribulose
-
lipogenesis
- dikinase
-
lipogenic
- sorghum
-
periportal
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
-
anti-diabetic
- orthophosphate
-
glycogenolysis
-
photorespiration
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
- carboxylases
-
6-phosphatase
-
hypoglycemic
- oxalacetate
- rubp
-
1,5-bisphosphate
- biotechnology
-
perivenous
- agriculture
- synthesis
-
transphosphorylating
-
photorespiratory
-
1,6-bisphosphatase
Reaction
Synonyms
archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, AT1G53310, atPEPC, Atppc1, Atppc2, Atppc3, Atppc4, bacterial-type PEPC, bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, BPTC, BTPC, C4 PEPC, C4-PEPC, Carboxylase, phosphopyruvate (phosphate), Class-1 PEPC, Class-2 PEPC, CP21, CP28, CP46, CrPpc1, CrPpc2, Hvpepc3, Hvpepc4, Hvpepc5, Ljpepc1, NCgl1523, OJ1484_G09.129-1, Osppc2a, Osppc4, PEOC, PEP carboxylase, PEP-carboxylase, PEPC, PEPC(p102)kinase, PEPC1, PEPC2, PEPC3, PEPC7, PepcA, PEPCase, PEPCase1, PEPCK, PEPK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, Phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase, photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PPC, PPC1, PPC2, PPC2a, PPC3, PPC4, PpcA, PpcA1, PPCK1, PPCK2, PTPC, S.minutum PEPC1, Sb02g021090, Sb04g008720, SORBI_3007G106500, SSO2256, SvPEPC
ECTree
4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylaseAdvanced search results
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results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 4.1.1.31 - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
ear organ, protein content of grain as well as grain weight after flowering are studied in different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
PEPC1 and PEPC2 are expressed in fibres early in elongation but not in non-differentiating ovular epidermis
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on early stages of seed development, enzyme protein is abundant in embryo and integuments, while at subsequent stages the enzyme accumulats in endosperm, nucellus and integuments. At late stages of seed development when both endosperm and nucellus are degraded, significant accumulation is observed in the embryo proper
the specific activity of PEPC is significantly higher than that of pyruvate kinase, PEP phosphatase, and PEP carboxykinase
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in early stages of seed development, enzyme protein is abundant in embryo and integuments, while at subsequent stages the enzyme accumulats in endosperm, nucellus and integuments
additional information
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localized in most ovular and embryonic tissues. In early stages of seed development, enzyme protein is abundant in embryo and integuments, while at subsequent stages the enzyme accumulats in endosperm, nucellus and integuments. At late stages of seed development when both endosperm and nucellus are degraded, significant accumulation is observed in the embryo proper
PPC3 is the most abundant isozyme of the developing seed, and of the embryo and the aleurone layer of germinating seeds
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PEPC transcript expression rises to the peak at midnight and decreases to the minimum level at midday
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the photosynthesis isoform Hvpepc4 is exclusively expressed in leaves during C4 induction
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PEPC transcript expression is peaking rapidly during the first 2 h of darkness and then decreasing drastically
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from young plants grown under controlled short-day conditions and an extraction buffer containing EDTA
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PEPC transcript expression is peaking rapidly during the first 2 h of darkness and then decreasing drastically
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BTPC is present in leaf buds and young expanding leaves, but undetectable in fully expanded leaves
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activity and protein level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in both leaves and roots of sorghum plants increase progressively with increasing external nitrogen concentration
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presence of ammonium increases the phosphorylation state of PEPC and PEPC kinase activity in sorghum leaves, both in light and in the dark
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a significant decrease in PEPc protein expression is observed in the two highest ozone-enriched treatments + 60 atmosphere and + 80 atmosphere which reduces PEPc quantity by 31% and 41%, respectively
transcripts accumulate to higher levels in roots compared to shoots, PPC3 is the main PEPC isoform expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana roots
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activity and protein level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in both leaves and roots of sorghum plants increase progressively with increasing external nitrogen concentration
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presence of ammonium increases PEPC activity and the amount of monoubiquitinated PEPC
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of seedlings, roots show almost double the level of PEPC activity of shoots
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developing. Localized in most ovular and embryonic tissues. In early stages of seed development, enzyme protein is abundant in embryo and integuments, while at subsequent stages the enzyme accumulats in endosperm, nucellus and integuments. At late stages of seed development when both endosperm and nucellus are degraded, significant accumulation is observed in the embryo proper
extensive transcript abundance of isoform PPC2 throughout the entire life cycle of the seed. SbPPC2 shows maximal transcript abundance at 24-48 h post-imbibition and then decreases
extensive transcript abundance of isoform PPC3 throughout the entire life cycle of the seed. PPC3 is the most abundant isozyme of the developing seed, and of the embryo and the aleurone layer of germinating seeds. PPC3 transcript levels are at maximum at the beginning of seed development, during the period of cellularization
high levels of transcripts during early development, i.e. stage I
transcripts accumulate to higher levels in roots compared to shoots
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of seedlings, roots show almost double the level of PEPC activity of shoots
additional information
Atppc2 transcripts are found in all Arabidopsis organs suggesting that it is a housekeeping gene. Salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
Atppc2 transcripts are found in all Arabidopsis organs suggesting that it is a housekeeping gene. Salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
Atppc2 transcripts are found in all Arabidopsis organs suggesting that it is a housekeeping gene. Salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
Atppc2 transcripts are found in all Arabidopsis organs suggesting that it is a housekeeping gene. Salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots. Atppc4 shows the highest induction in response to both stresses.
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots. Atppc4 shows the highest induction in response to both stresses.
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots. Atppc4 shows the highest induction in response to both stresses.
additional information
salt and drought exert a differential induction of PEPC gene expression in roots. Atppc4 shows the highest induction in response to both stresses.
additional information
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CrPpc1/2 polypeptide levels are up-regulated as the initial supply of NH4Cl decreases from 10 to 0.5 mM. However, within 5 h after re-supply of 10 mM NH4Cl to the N-deficient cells, the CrPpc1/2 levels reverts back nearly to those observed in high-N grown cells
additional information
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phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase contains two isoforms in Hydrilla verticillata, hvpepc3 and hvpepc4. Transcript expression of hvpepc4 is substantially up-regulated during C4 induction, especially in the light. It is suggested that hvpepc4 encodes the C4 photosynthetic PEPC, and hvpepc3 encodes an anaplerotic form
additional information
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no expression in epidermis, vascular bundles, or guard cells
additional information
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BTPC is abundant in the inner integument, cotyledon, and endosperm of developing seeds
