4.1.1.11: aspartate 1-decarboxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about aspartate 1-decarboxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.11
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4.1.1.11
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pantothenate
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pyrazinamide
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pyrazinoic
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self-processing
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pza-resistant
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synthesis
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drug development
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pharmacology
- 4.1.1.11
- pantothenate
- pyrazinamide
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pyrazinoic
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self-processing
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pza-resistant
- synthesis
- drug development
- pharmacology
Reaction
Synonyms
ACD, ADC, ADCBs, ADCC.g, ADCCg, ADCE, Aspartate alpha-decarboxylase, aspartate decarboxylase, aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase, Aspartic alpha-decarboxylase, AspDC, BmADC, BsADC, CgADC, Dgad2, GcADC, L-Aspartate alpha-decarboxylase, L-Aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase, MfnA, MJ0050, More, MtbADC, PanD, PF1159, PLP-dependent L-aspartate decarboxylase, pyruvoyl-dependent l-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase, TK1814
ECTree
Advanced search results
Engineering
Engineering on EC 4.1.1.11 - aspartate 1-decarboxylase
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Q377L
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site-directed mutagenesis, mutation at position 377 from glutamine to leucine in aspartate 1-decarboxylase diminishes its decarboxylation activity to aspartate with no major effect on its cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase activity
D41G
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation improves the enzyme activity compared to wild-type
E56S
site-directed mutagenesis, the Glu56Ser mutation improves the enzymatic activity and catalytic stability of L-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase for an efficient beta-alanine production, but no significant effect on the cell growth properties or the molecular weight of BsADC. The E56S mutant shows a 1.6fold higher activity and an approximately 1.4fold increased residual activity compared with the wild-type during 2 h reaction at 37°C, suggesting that the E56S mutation attenuates the mechanism-based inactivation of the enzyme. The mutant enzyme catalyzes the beta-alanine synthesis with a very high product yield of 215.3 g per liter culture. In BsADC, Glu56 corresponds to Ser56 in the center channel of the homotetramer ADC from Escherichia coli. Due to the shorter side chain of Ser56, the Glu56-to-Ser56 mutation may enhance the import of the Asp substrate and export of the beta-alanine product in the tetramer channel
I188M
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermostability compared to the wild-type
K63E
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation improves the enzyme activity compared to wild-type
D41G
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation improves the enzyme activity compared to wild-type
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E56S
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site-directed mutagenesis, the Glu56Ser mutation improves the enzymatic activity and catalytic stability of L-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase for an efficient beta-alanine production, but no significant effect on the cell growth properties or the molecular weight of BsADC. The E56S mutant shows a 1.6fold higher activity and an approximately 1.4fold increased residual activity compared with the wild-type during 2 h reaction at 37°C, suggesting that the E56S mutation attenuates the mechanism-based inactivation of the enzyme. The mutant enzyme catalyzes the beta-alanine synthesis with a very high product yield of 215.3 g per liter culture. In BsADC, Glu56 corresponds to Ser56 in the center channel of the homotetramer ADC from Escherichia coli. Due to the shorter side chain of Ser56, the Glu56-to-Ser56 mutation may enhance the import of the Asp substrate and export of the beta-alanine product in the tetramer channel
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I188M
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermostability compared to the wild-type
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K63E
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation improves the enzyme activity compared to wild-type
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R3A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R3D
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R3E
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R3L
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R3N
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R3Q
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
R54A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
R54K
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y58A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y58T
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
R3A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
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R3Q
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is no longer able to activate via self-cleavage
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R54A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
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R54K
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
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Y58A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced self-cleavage activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
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I60A
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
I86A
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
K115A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is introduced in vitro by overlap extension PCR
K119A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is introduced in vitro by overlap extension PCR. Complex formation of the site-directed mutants PanZ(R73A) and PanD(K119A) leads to a complex that still complements the beta-alanine auxotrophy of the DELTApanZ and DELTApanD strains, indicating that catalytically active PanD is formed, but no growth inhibition is observed as a result of PanZ overexpression
K14A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is introduced in vitro by overlap extension PCR
K53A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation is introduced in vitro by overlap extension PCR
N72A
site-directed mutagenesis, in the Asn72Ala mutant the C-terminal region residues are ordered, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, owing to an interaction with the active site of the neighbouring symmetry-related multimer
S70A
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
T57V
W47A
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
Y22F
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
Y58F
site-directed mutagenesis, the PanD activation activity is affected
A128E
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
A128S
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
C17R
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
D116Y
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
E130G
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
F107L
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
H21N
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
H21Q
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
I115V
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
L131P
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
L136P
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
L136R
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
M117I
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
M117V
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
N127K
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
V138A
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
V138M
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naturally occuring mutation after treatment with pyrazinoic acid
additional information
T57V
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of Thr57 leads to abolition of the activation reaction at 37°C, structural consequences of mutation of Thr57, crystal structure, in the T57V mutant the unprocessed chain is displaced from the active site owing to the binding of a single molecule of the cryoprotectant malonate, overview
mutation of nucleotide L127 increases the enzyme's thermostability compared to the wild-type, while mutation of nuclotide V68 does not significantly affect the thermostability
additional information
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mutation of nucleotide L127 increases the enzyme's thermostability compared to the wild-type, while mutation of nuclotide V68 does not significantly affect the thermostability
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additional information
construction of a bp mutant strain 16-100 (bp/bp). In the bp mutant, a SINE-like transposon with a length of 493 bp is detected about 2.2 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site of the BmADC gene. This insertion causes a sharp reduction in BmADC transcript levels in bp mutants, leading to deficiency of beta-alanine and N-beta-alanyl dopamine (NBAD), but accumulation of dopamine. The mutant is specifically melanized only at the pupal stage. Following injection of beta-alanine into bp mutants, the color pattern is reverted to that of the wild-type silkworms. Additionally, melanic pupae resulting from knockdown of BmADC in the wild-type strain are obtained by RNAi of BmADC
additional information
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construction of a bp mutant strain 16-100 (bp/bp). In the bp mutant, a SINE-like transposon with a length of 493 bp is detected about 2.2 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site of the BmADC gene. This insertion causes a sharp reduction in BmADC transcript levels in bp mutants, leading to deficiency of beta-alanine and N-beta-alanyl dopamine (NBAD), but accumulation of dopamine. The mutant is specifically melanized only at the pupal stage. Following injection of beta-alanine into bp mutants, the color pattern is reverted to that of the wild-type silkworms. Additionally, melanic pupae resulting from knockdown of BmADC in the wild-type strain are obtained by RNAi of BmADC
additional information
panD insertion mutant ND2 completely lacks enzyme activity and exhibits beta-alanine auxotrophy
additional information
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panD insertion mutant ND2 completely lacks enzyme activity and exhibits beta-alanine auxotrophy
additional information
synthesis of beta-alanine from L-aspartate using L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). A pH-stat directed, fed-batch feeding strategy is developed for enzymatic synthesis of beta-alanine to keep the pH value within pH 6.0-7.2 and attenuate substrate inhibition. A maximum conversion of 97.2% is obtained with an initial 5 g L-aspartate/l and another three feedings of 0.5 % w/v L-aspartate at 8 h intervals. The final beta-alanine concentration is 12.85 g/l after 36 h, method optimization, overview. Recombinant enzyme ADC shows best activity in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6 and more than 80% activity remained between pH 4-7. The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)-pET heterologous system provides higher expression efficiency compared with that of homologous expression, which results in a 24fold increase in specific activity of crude enzyme
additional information
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synthesis of beta-alanine from L-aspartate using L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). A pH-stat directed, fed-batch feeding strategy is developed for enzymatic synthesis of beta-alanine to keep the pH value within pH 6.0-7.2 and attenuate substrate inhibition. A maximum conversion of 97.2% is obtained with an initial 5 g L-aspartate/l and another three feedings of 0.5 % w/v L-aspartate at 8 h intervals. The final beta-alanine concentration is 12.85 g/l after 36 h, method optimization, overview. Recombinant enzyme ADC shows best activity in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6 and more than 80% activity remained between pH 4-7. The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)-pET heterologous system provides higher expression efficiency compared with that of homologous expression, which results in a 24fold increase in specific activity of crude enzyme
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additional information
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black1 mutant flies have significantly reduced enzyme activity in adults and at purpuration formation, and no enzyme protein
additional information
inactive Ala-24 and Ala-26 insertion mutants, study of the structure and processing activity
additional information
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the expression of the enzyme in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Havana 38 leads to increased beta-alanine and pantothenate levels and improved thermotolerance in the tobacco plants, growth of homozygous lines expressing the bacterial enzyme is less affected than that of the control lines when the plants are stressed for 1 week at 35°C, tobacco seed germination at 42C is improved, phenotype,overview
additional information
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generation of diverse panD deletion mutant strains, overview
additional information
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generation of diverse panD deletion mutant strains, overview
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additional information
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construction of a panD mutant strain, the panD mutant grows as well as the wild-type in infected mice. Mice infected with wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis are treated with pyrazinoic acid (POA), and POA-resistant colonies are confirmed for pyrazinamide (PZA) and POA resistance. Genome sequencing reveals that 82% and 18% of the strains contain missense mutations in panD and clpC1, respectively. Location of amino acid sequence polymorphisms in PanD of POA-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from POA-treated mice
additional information
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the PanM-deficient Salmonella enterica strain JE13153 is inactive due to impaired activation of PanD
additional information
generation of knockout mutants DELTApanD (JE13233) and DELTApanM (JE12555) strains
additional information
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720
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generation of knockout mutants DELTApanD (JE13233) and DELTApanM (JE12555) strains
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additional information
construction of a TK1814 gene disruption strain, phenotype, overview. The TK1814 strain does not show growth for 24 h, suggesting that the ADC and/or GAD activities of TK1814 are essential for growth in this medium. When exogenous beta-alanine, the product of ADC activity, is added to the medium, the growth defects are almost fully recovered. In contrast, the addition of GABA, the product of GAD activity, does not complement TK1814 disruption at all
additional information
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construction of a TK1814 gene disruption strain, phenotype, overview. The TK1814 strain does not show growth for 24 h, suggesting that the ADC and/or GAD activities of TK1814 are essential for growth in this medium. When exogenous beta-alanine, the product of ADC activity, is added to the medium, the growth defects are almost fully recovered. In contrast, the addition of GABA, the product of GAD activity, does not complement TK1814 disruption at all
additional information
Thermococcus kodakarensis ATCC BAA-918 / JCM 12380 / KOD1
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construction of a TK1814 gene disruption strain, phenotype, overview. The TK1814 strain does not show growth for 24 h, suggesting that the ADC and/or GAD activities of TK1814 are essential for growth in this medium. When exogenous beta-alanine, the product of ADC activity, is added to the medium, the growth defects are almost fully recovered. In contrast, the addition of GABA, the product of GAD activity, does not complement TK1814 disruption at all
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