3.5.4.36: mRNA(cytosine6666) deaminase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about mRNA(cytosine6666) deaminase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.5.4.36
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3.5.4.36
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cytidine
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polypeptide-like
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deamination
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deaminases
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apobecs
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hypermutation
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editosome
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c-to-u
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mooring
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apob48
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apob100
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rna-specific
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unedited
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mcardle
- 3.5.4.36
- cytidine
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polypeptide-like
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deamination
- deaminases
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apobecs
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hypermutation
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editosome
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c-to-u
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mooring
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apob48
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apob100
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rna-specific
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unedited
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mcardle
Reaction
Synonyms
apo B messenger RNA editing protein, apoB mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 1, APOBEC-1, APOBEC1, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1, REPR
ECTree
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Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 3.5.4.36 - mRNA(cytosine6666) deaminase
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REACTION DIAGRAM
5-methylcytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O
thymine in single-stranded DNA + NH3
Apobec1 has 5-methylcytosine deaminase activity, resulting in a thymine base opposite a guanine. If this mismatch is repaired, a methylated cytosine is replaced by an unmethylated one. If it is not repaired, it results in a cytosine -> thymine transition mutation. Apobec1, and perhaps other members of this protein family play a role in epigenetic reprogramming
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uracil in RNA + NH3
murine APOBEC1 is a hypermutator of both RNA and ssDNA in vivo
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cytosine in RNA + H2O
uracil in RNA + NH3
transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA editing targets in transcript 3' untranslated regions, a molecular mechanism that suggests additional roles for APOBEC1 beyond its function in apolipoprotein regulation
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cytosine in RNA + H2O
uracil in RNA + NH3
APOBEC1 site-specifically edits many mRNA transcripts other than apoB in small intestine enterocytes. Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA editing targets in transcript 3' untranslated regions
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cytosine in RNA + H2O
uracil in RNA + NH3
murine APOBEC1 is able to hyperdeaminate cytidine residues in murine leukemia virus genomic RNA. In vitro murine APOBEC1 can extensively edit viral RNA, while human APOBEC1 cannot
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uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
murine APOBEC1 is a hypermutator of both RNA and ssDNA in vivo
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cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
ssDNA hyperediting of an infectious exogenous gammaretrovirus, the Friendmurine leukemia virus, by murine APOBEC1
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cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
when expressed in bacteria, APOBEC1 can deaminate cytosine in DNA. Its activity on DNA is specific for single-stranded DNA and exhibits dependence on local sequence context
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uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
APOBEC1, catalytic component of an RNA-editing complex, transports the complementing specificity factor ACF to and from the nucleus as cargo. Expression of APOBEC1 alone edits apoB RNA and generates a substrate for nonsense-mediated decay. The APOBEC1/ACF editing complex protects the edited apoB RNA from nonsense-mediated decay and transports the RNA to the cytoplasm for translation
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
apolipoprotein (apo)B mRNA editing is mediated by a multiprotein editosome complex. Apobec-1 is the catalytic component of this complex. ABBP-1 (apobec-1-binding protein-1) is an apobec-1-interacting protein that may play an important role in apoB mRNA editing
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
for editing to take place, the 27 kDa catalytic subunit of the apoB mRNA-editing enzyme also needs complementing nuclear factors that are expressed in cells that do not normally express or edit apoB mRNA
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing subunit, APOBEC1, has considerable residual enzymatic activity on a minimal apoB mRNA substrate, even in the absence of any auxiliary factors. The effect of the auxiliary factor ACF is to broaden the temperature range of APOBEC1 activity, lowering the optimal temperature and enabling it to function optimally at lower temperatures. A model consistent with this observation is that at lower temperatures ACF promotes a conformational transition in the RNA substrate that occurs spontaneously at higher temperature
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the activity of opossum APOBEC-1 in the presence of both chicken and rodent auxiliary editing proteins is comparable to that of other mammals
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
intestine-specific expression of Apobec-1 rescues apolipoprotein B RNA editing and alters chylomicron production in Apobec1-/- mice
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
murine APOBEC1 is a hypermutator of both RNA and ssDNA in vivo
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the enzyme specifically catalyzes the deamination of cytidine at position 6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA to form an uridine. This changes the codon at position 2153 from a genomically encoded CAA (glutamine) to an in-frame stop codon. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing occurs in the small intestines of all mammals and in the livers of rats, mice, dogs, and horses. Hepatic editing activity is regulated by growth hormone, thyroxine, cortisol, fasting, and diet
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
murine APOBEC1 is able to hyperedit its primary substrate in vivo, the apolipoprotein B mRNA, and a variety of heterologous RNAs
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
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apolipoprotein B mRNA editing at nucleotide 6666 converts cytidine to uridine, transforming the codon for glutamine-2153 to a termination codon
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
auxiliary proteins of the apoB mRNA editing complex, which are essential for editing activity, exist in organs devoid of significant apoB mRNA editing or apoB synthesis
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
mammalian apolipoprotein B (apo B) exists in two forms, each the product of a single gene. The shorter form, apo B48, arises by posttranscriptional RNA editing whereby cytidine deamination produces a UAA termination codon
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the enzyme specifically catalyzes the deamination of cytidine at position 6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA to form an uridine. This changes the codon at position 2153 from a genomically encoded CAA (glutamine) to an in-frame stop codon. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing occurs in the small intestines of all mammals and in the livers of rats, mice, dogs, and horses. Hepatic editing activity is regulated by growth hormone, thyroxine, cortisol, fasting, and diet
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
ASP, a APOBEC-1-stimulating protein, plus APOBEC-1 represent the minimal apoB mRNA editing enzyme in vitro. ASP appears to be associated with the mRNA-binding protein KSRP, which may confer stability to the editing enzyme complex with its substrate apoB RNA
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) and apobec-1 comprise the minimal protein requirements for specific and efficient editing of apo-B mRNA in vitro. ACF is also involved in editing in vivo. A model of the enzyme is elaborated in which ACF functions as the RNA-binding subunit that binds to the 11-nucleotide mooring sequence downstream of the editing site and docks apobec-1 to deaminate C6666. The fact that ACF is widely expressed in human tissues that lack apobec-1 and apo-B mRNA suggests that ACF may be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events
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cytosine6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + H2O
uracil6666 in apolipoprotein B mRNA + NH3
the enzyme is not able to edit apoB RNA in vitro without the addition of complementary or auxiliary proteins
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in vitro murine APOBEC1 can extensively edit viral RNA, while human APOBEC1 cannot
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additional information
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APOBEC1 possesses antiviral activity. It is capable of inhibiting the infectivity of various lentiviruses in tissue culture models
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additional information
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APOBEC1 possesses antiviral activity. It is capable of inhibiting the infectivity of various lentiviruses in tissue culture models
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additional information
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APOBEC1 possesses antiviral activity. It is capable of inhibiting the infectivity of various lentiviruses in tissue culture models
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additional information
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APOBEC1 possesses antiviral activity. It is capable of inhibiting the infectivity of various lentiviruses in tissue culture models
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additional information
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APOBEC1 possesses antiviral activity. It is capable of inhibiting the infectivity of various lentiviruses in tissue culture models
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