3.4.24.75: lysostaphin
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about lysostaphin, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.4.24.75
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3.4.24.75
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staphylococci
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methicillin-resistant
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vancomycin
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simulans
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bactericidal
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pentaglycine
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bacteriolytic
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methicillin
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epidermidis
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mastitis
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antistaphylococcal
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cross-bridge
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bacteriocins
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staphylolyticus
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medicine
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autolysins
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oxacillin
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endolysins
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interpeptide
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teichoic
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biovar
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intramammary
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coagulase-negative
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muropeptide
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teicoplanin
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methicillin-sensitive
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cowan
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micrococci
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murein
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haemolyticus
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coagulase
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daptomycin
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mutanolysine
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diagnostics
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pharmacology
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food industry
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analysis
- 3.4.24.75
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staphylococci
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methicillin-resistant
- vancomycin
- simulans
-
bactericidal
- pentaglycine
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bacteriolytic
- methicillin
- epidermidis
- mastitis
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antistaphylococcal
-
cross-bridge
-
bacteriocins
- staphylolyticus
- medicine
- autolysins
- oxacillin
- endolysins
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interpeptide
-
teichoic
-
biovar
-
intramammary
-
coagulase-negative
-
muropeptide
- teicoplanin
-
methicillin-sensitive
-
cowan
-
micrococci
- murein
- haemolyticus
- coagulase
-
daptomycin
-
mutanolysine
- diagnostics
- pharmacology
- food industry
- analysis
Reaction
Hydrolysis of the -Gly-/-Gly- bond in the pentaglycine inter-peptide link joining staphylococcal cell wall peptidoglycans =
Synonyms
ALE-1, BSYX-L210, Glycyl-glycine endopeptidase, Glycylglycine endopeptidase, Lspn, Lss, Lst, LYS, lysostaphin, Lysostaphin endopeptidase, LytU, More, peptidoglycan endopeptidase, r-Lys, r-lysostaphin, sa0205, SH3b, Staphylococcus aureus-specific cell wall endopeptidase lysostaphin
ECTree
3.4.24.75 lysostaphinAdvanced search results
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results (Natural Substrates Products
Natural Substrates Products on EC 3.4.24.75 - lysostaphin
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE 
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
peptidoglycan + H2O
fragments of peptidogylcan
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peptidoglycans from cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus
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?
Staphylococcus aureus cells + H2O
fragments of elastin
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
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?
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell wall + H2O
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?
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell wall + H2O
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?
peptidoglycan + H2O
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the hydrolytic effect on staphylococcal peptidoglycan can be potentiated by simultaneous action of lysostaphin and lysozyme
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?
peptidoglycan + H2O
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The enzymes attack cell walls of staphylococcus species that do not poduce lysostaphin, species which produce lysostaphin are not attacked. Mutants of Staphylococcus simulans lacking lysostaphin are also attacked
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peptidoglycan + H2O
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the enzyme cleaves pentaglycine crossbridges of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan
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?
Peptidoglycan + H2O
Fragments of peptidoglycan
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activities of three enzymes namely, glycylglycine endopeptidase, endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosamidase and N-acteyl muramyl-L-alanine amidase. Lysostaphin rapidly lyses actively growing and non-dividing cells including staphylococci in biofilms. Glycylglycine endopeptidase lyses staphylococcal cells by hydrolyzing glycylglycine bonds in the polyglycine bridges which form cross links between glycopeptide chains in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus cells. Lytic principle of lysostaphin is a peptidase which liberates N-terminal glycine and alanine from Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. Hexosaminidase is present in lysostaphin preparation is specific for the gluocainyl-muramic acid bond of the bacterial carbohydrate backbone
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?
Peptidoglycan + H2O
Fragments of peptidoglycan
cleaves Gly-Gly bonds in peptidoglycans
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?
Peptidoglycan + H2O
Fragments of peptidoglycan
the enzyme is highly specific and effective against Staphylococcus aureus cleaving the pentaglycine cross-bridges in the peptidoglycan layer of staphylococcal cell walls
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?
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 cells + H2O
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?
Staphylococcus aureus cell + H2O
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the enzyme has a specific lytic action against Staphylococcus aureus
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?
Staphylococcus aureus cell wall + H2O
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Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 or ATCC 33807 cells
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?
Staphylococcus aureus cell wall + H2O
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the enzyme shows selectivity toward pentaglycine bridges in Staphylococcus aureus cell wall
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?
additional information
?
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LytM is expressed during early exponential phase and is overexpressed in an autolysis-defective mutant compared with the parent strain. LytM plays a role in cell growth
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?
additional information
?
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a traP mutant strain is more resistant to lysostaphin than wild-type Staphylococcus aureus, the extracellular C-terminus of TRAP can act as the specific targeting protein of the lysozyme/lysostaphin on the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall and the biological significance of the interaction might be to facilitate lysozyme/lysostaphin-mediated cell lysis, TRAP is necessary for the binding and activity of lysostaphin in vitro, overview
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additional information
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lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase cleaving the pentaglycine cross-bridge structure unique to the staphylococcal cell wall and is considered to be a potential drug for Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro activity of recombinant lysostaphin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitals in Beijing, China, with MIC values of 30-2000 ng/ml, agar dilution assay, overview
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?
additional information
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lysostaphin is active in treatment of neonatal Staphylococcus aureus infection by a clinical methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus serotype 5 strain, overview
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additional information
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potent, synergistic inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus strains MSSA476 and MRSA252 upon exposure to a combination of the endopeptidase lysostaphin and the cationic peptide ranalexin, which is most potent, as well as with the antimicrobial peptides magainin 2 and dermaseptin s3(1-16), overview
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?
additional information
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Staphylococcus simulans secretes lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme that specifically binds to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus and cleaves the pentaglycine cross bridges of peptidoglycan, thereby killing staphylococci, screening of a collection of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman transposon mutants for lysostaphin resistance, transposon insertion in SAV2335 is herein named lyrA, i.e. lysostaphin resistance A, activity against diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains with MIC-values of 0.0005-0.002 mg/ml, overview
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?
additional information
?
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the endopeptidase rapidly lyses Staphylococcus aureus through proteolysis of the staphylococcal cell wall which allows its use as a therapeutic agent, the enzyme acts synergistically with oxacillin and with vancomycin, in vivo antimicrobial activity in different mouse tissues, overview
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?
additional information
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the enzyme is active against clinical methiciliin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC50 value of 0.125 mg/l, it breaks down the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, overview
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additional information
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lysostaphin exhibits a high degree of antistaphylococcal bacteriolytic activity, being inactive against bacteria of all other genera. The cell-wall degrading activity of lysostaphin is primarily due to a glycylglycine endopeptidase activity. Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus peptidoglycan is resistant to the hydrolytic activity of lysostaphin, since the cells produce a resistance factor that causes the incorporation of Ser residues into the third and fifth positions of the cell wall cross bridges
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additional information
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resistance to lysostaphin is due to a FemABX-like immunity protein that inserts serines in place of some glycines in peptidoglycan cross bridges
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additional information
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the enzyme hydrolyzes the glycylglycine bonds of polyglycine interpeptide bridges on the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus carnosus
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme hydrolyzes the glycylglycine bonds of polyglycine interpeptide bridges on the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus carnosus
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme hydrolyzes the glycylglycine bonds of polyglycine interpeptide bridges on the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus carnosus
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?
additional information
?
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Staphylococcus simulans secretes lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme that specifically binds to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus and cleaves the pentaglycine cross bridges of peptidoglycan, thereby killing staphylococci, screening of a collection of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman transposon mutants for lysostaphin resistance, transposon insertion in SAV2335 is herein named lyrA, i.e. lysostaphin resistance A, activity against diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains with MIC-values of 0.0005-0.002 mg/ml, overview
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?
