3.4.22.32: Stem bromelain
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about Stem bromelain, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.4.22.32
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3.4.22.32
-
papain
-
ficin
-
comosus
-
chymotrypsin
-
ananas
-
hydrolysates
-
allergen
-
proteinases
-
ige
-
debridement
-
neuraminidase
-
alcalase
-
cystatins
-
virion
-
hymenoptera
-
flavourzyme
-
medicine
-
kininogens
-
prick
-
eschar
-
tender
-
haemagglutinins
-
food industry
-
actinidin
-
ha2
-
agriculture
-
chymopapain
-
mucolytic
-
pharmacology
-
pancreatin
-
ige-binding
- 3.4.22.32
- papain
- ficin
- comosus
- chymotrypsin
- ananas
- hydrolysates
- allergen
- proteinases
- ige
-
debridement
- neuraminidase
- alcalase
- cystatins
- virion
- hymenoptera
- flavourzyme
- medicine
- kininogens
-
prick
-
eschar
-
tender
-
haemagglutinins
- food industry
- actinidin
- ha2
- agriculture
- chymopapain
-
mucolytic
- pharmacology
- pancreatin
-
ige-binding
Reaction
broad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates =
Synonyms
acidic bromelain stem proteinase, ACMD2_17643, BRM, Bromelain, Bromelain, stem, EC 3.4.22.4, EC 3.4.4.24, Pineapple stem bromelain, SBA, Sbm, stem bromelain
ECTree
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Reference on EC 3.4.22.32 - Stem bromelain
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Rowan, A.D.; Buttle, D.J.; Barrett, A.J.
Ananain: a novel cysteine proteinase found in pineapple stem
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
267
262-270
1988
Ananas comosus
Rowan, A.D.; Buttle, D.J.; Barrett, A.J.
The cysteine proteinases of the pineapple plant
Biochem. J.
266
869-875
1990
Ananas comosus
Rowan, A.D.; Buttle, D.J.
Pineapple cysteine endopeptidases
Methods Enzymol.
244
555-568
1994
Ananas comosus
Heinrikson, R.L.; Kezdy, F.J.
Acidic cysteine protease inhibitors from pineapple stem
Methods Enzymol.
45
740-751
1976
Ananas comosus
Ritonja, A.; Rowan, A.D.; Buttle, D.J.; Rawlings, N.D.; Turk, V.; Barrett, A.J.
Stem bromelain: amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin
FEBS Lett.
247
419-424
1989
Ananas comosus
Ota, S.; Horie, K.; Hagino, F.; Hashimoto, C.; Date, H.
Fractionation and some properties of the proteolytically active components of bromelains in the stem and the fruit of the pineapple plant
J. Biochem.
71
817-830
1972
Ananas comosus
Ota, S.; Muta, E.; Katahira, Y.; Okamoto, Y.
Reinvestigation of fractionation and some properties of the proteolytically active components of stem and fruit bromelains
J. Biochem.
98
219-228
1985
Ananas comosus
Rowan, A.D.; Brzin, J.; Buttle, D.J.; Barrett, A.J.
Inhibition of cysteine proteinases by a protein inhibitor from potato
FEBS Lett.
269
328-330
1990
Ananas comosus
Arroyo-Reyna, A.; Hernandez-Arana, A.
The thermal denaturation of stem bromelain is consistent with an irreversible two-state model
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1248
123-128
1995
Ananas comosus
Goto, K.; Murachi, T.; Takahashi, N.
Structural studies on stem bromelain isolation, characterization and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments
FEBS Lett.
62
93-95
1976
Ananas comosus
Silverstein, R.M.; Kezdy, F.J.
Characterization of the pineapple stem proteases (bromelains)
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
167
678-686
1975
Ananas comosus
Wharton, C.W.
The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the homogeneity of purified stem bromelain, determination of the molecular weight and kinetic analysis of the bromelain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine methyl ester
Biochem. J.
143
575-586
1974
Ananas comosus
Wharton, C.W.; Cornish-Bowden, A.; Brocklehurst, K.; Crook, E.M.
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-serine methyl ester catalysed by bromelain and by papain. Analysis of modifier mechanisms by lattice nomography, computational methods of parameter evaluation for substrate-activated catalyses and consequences of postulated non-productive binding in bromelain- and papain-catalysed hydrolyses
Biochem. J.
141
365-381
1974
Ananas comosus
Minami, Y.; Doi, E.; Hata, T.
Fractionation, purification, and some properties of proteolytic enzymes from stem bromelain
Agric. Biol. Chem.
35
1419-1430
1971
Ananas comosus
-
Murachi, T.; Tsudzuki, T.; Okumura, K.
Photosensitized inactivation of stem bromelain. Oxidation of histidine, methionine, and tryptophan residues
Biochemistry
14
249-255
1975
Ananas comosus
Takahashi, N.; Yasuda, Y.; Goto, K.; Miyake, T.; Murachi, T.
Multiple molecular forms of stem bromelain. Isolation and characterization of two closely related components, SB1 and SB2
J. Biochem.
74
355-373
1973
Ananas comosus
Carey, P.R.; Ozaki, Y.; Storer, A.C.
Comparison of the substrate conformations in the active sites of papain, chymopapain, ficin and bromelain by resonance Raman spectroscopy
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
117
725-731
1983
Ananas comosus
Gray, C.J.; Boukouvalas, J.; Szawelski, R.J.; Wharton, C.W.
Benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylcitrulline p-nitroanilide as a substrate for papain and other plant cysteine proteinases
Biochem. J.
219
325-328
1984
Ananas comosus
Shipton, M.; Brocklehurst, K.
Benzofuroxan as a thiol-specific reactivity probe. Kinetics of its reactions with papain, ficin, bromelain and low-molecular-weight thiols
Biochem. J.
167
799-810
1977
Ananas comosus
Shipton, M.; Stuchbury, T.; Brocklehurst, K.
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole as a reactivity probe for the investigation of the thiol proteinases. evidence that ficin and bromelain may lack carboxyl groups conformationally equivalent to that of aspartic acid-158 of papain
Biochem. J.
159
235-244
1976
Ananas comosus
Bobb, D.
Isolation of stem bromelain by affinity chromatography and its partial characterization by gel electrophoresis
Prep. Biochem.
2
347-354
1972
Ananas comosus
Lenarcic, B.; Ritonja, A.; Turk, B.; Dolenc, I.; Turk, V.
Characterization and structure of pineapple stem inhibitor of cysteine proteinases
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
373
459-464
1992
Ananas comosus
Dickson, S.R.; Bickerstaff, G.F.
Properties of immobilized bromelain
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
20
23S
1992
Ananas comosus
Harrach, T.; Eckert, K.; Schulze-Forster, K.; Nuck, R.; Grunow, D.; Maurer, H.R.
Isolation and partial characterization of basic proteinases from stem bromelain
J. Protein Chem.
14
41-52
1995
Ananas comosus
Suh, H.J.; Lee, H.; Cho, H.Y.; Yang, H.C.
Purification and characterization of bromelain isolated from pineapple
Han'guk Nonghwa Hakhoechi
35
300-307
1992
Ananas comosus
-
Ko, Y.H.; Kang, Y.J.
Isolation and partial characterization of proteolytic enzymes from stems of pineapples cultivated in Cheju Island
Nonmunjip-Cheju Taehakkyo, Chayon Kwahakpyon
31
137-142
1990
Ananas comosus
-
Goto, K.; Takahashi, N.; Murachi, T.
Structural studies on stem bromelain. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and amino acid sequence of carboxyl-terminal half of the molecule
Int. J. Pept. Protein Res.
15
335-341
1980
Ananas comosus
Rasheedi, S.; Haq, S.K.; Khan, R.H.
Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain
Biochemistry
68
1097-1100
2003
Ananas comosus
Hatano, K.; Sawano, Y.; Tanokura, M.
Structure-function relationship of bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem
Biol. Chem.
383
1151-1156
2002
Ananas comosus
Haq, S.K.; Rasheedi, S.; Khan, R.H.
Characterization of a partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH
Eur. J. Biochem.
269
47-52
2002
Ananas comosus
Hatano, K.; Tanokura, M.; Takahashi, K.
The amino acid sequences of isoforms of the bromelain inhibitor from pineapple stem
J. Biochem.
124
457-461
1998
Ananas comosus
Khan, R.H.; Rasheedi, S.; Haq, S.K.
Effect of pH, temperature and alcohols on the stability of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain
J. Biosci.
28
709-714
2003
Ananas comosus
Harrach, T.; Eckert, K.; Maurer, H.R.; Machleidt, I.; Machleidt, W.; Nuck, R.
Isolation and characterization of two forms of an acidic bromelain stem proteinase
J. Protein Chem.
17
351-361
1998
Ananas comosus
Gaspani, L.; Limiroli, E.; Ferrario, P.; Bianchi, M.
In vivo and in vitro effects of bromelain on PGE2 and SP concentrations in the inflammatory exudate in rats
Pharmacology
65
83-86
2002
Ananas comosus
Gupta, P.; Saleemuddin, M.; Khan, R.H.
Hydrophobic interactions are the prevalent force in bromelain:Fab complex
Biochemistry
71
S31-S37
2006
Ananas comosus
-
Ahmad, B.; Ansari, M.A.; Sen, P.; Khan, R.H.
Low versus high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)-induced states of stem bromelain at low pH: stabilization of molten globule and unfolded states
Biopolymers
81
350-359
2006
Ananas comosus
Gupta, P.; Saleemuddin, M.
Bioaffinity based oriented immobilization of stem bromelain
Biotechnol. Lett.
28
917-922
2006
Ananas comosus
Rowan, A.D.
Stem bromelain
Handbook of proteolytic enzymes (Barrett, A. J. , Rawlings, N. D. , Woessner, J. F. , eds. ) Academic Press
2
1136-1137
2004
Ananas comosus
-
Hale, L.P.
Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice
Int. Immunopharmacol.
4
255-264
2004
Ananas comosus
Haq, S.K.; Rasheedi, S.; Sharma, P.; Ahmad, B.; Khan, R.H.
Influence of salts and alcohols on the conformation of partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
37
361-374
2005
Ananas comosus
Juhasz, B.; Thirunavukkarasu, M.; Pant, R.; Zhan, L.; Penumathsa, S.V.; Secor, E.R.; Srivastava, S.; Raychaudhuri, U.; Menon, V.P.; Otani, H.; Thrall, R.S.; Maulik, N.
Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294
H1365-H1370
2008
Ananas comosus
Anwar, T.; Ahmad, B.; Younus, H.
Cross-linked stem bromelain: A more stabilized active preparation
Biocatal. Biotransform.
25
453-458
2007
Ananas comosus
-
Mahmood, R.; Saleemuddin, M.
Additional stabilization of stem bromelain coupled to a thermosensitive polymer by uniform orientation and using polyclonal antibodies
Biochemistry (Moscow)
72
307-312
2007
Ananas comosus
Grabovac, V.; Bernkop-Schnuerch, A.
Improvement of the intestinal membrane permeability of low molecular weight heparin by complexation with stem bromelain
Int. J. Pharm.
326
153-159
2006
Ananas comosus
Ahmad, B.; Khan, R.H.
Studies on the acid unfolded and molten globule states of catalytically active stem bromelain: A comparison with catalytically inactive form
J. Biochem.
140
501-508
2006
Ananas comosus
Ahmad, B.; Shamim, T.A.; Haq, S.K.; Khan, R.H.
Identification and characterization of functional intermediates of stem bromelain during urea and guanidine hydrochloride unfolding
J. Biochem.
141
251-259
2007
Ananas comosus
Gupta, P.; Maqbool, T.; Saleemuddin, M.
Oriented immobilization of stem bromelain via the lone histidine on a metal affinity support
J. Mol. Catal. B
45
78-83
2007
Ananas comosus
-
Baez, R.; Lopes, M.T.; Salas, C.E.; Hernandez, M.
In vivo antitumoral activity of stem pineapple (Ananas comosus) bromelain
Planta Med.
73
1377-1383
2007
Ananas comosus
Habib, S.; Khan, M.A.; Younus, H.
Thermal destabilization of stem bromelain by trehalose
Protein J.
26
117-124
2007
Ananas comosus
Khatoon, H.; Younus, H.; Saleemuddin, M.
Stem bromelain: an enzyme that naturally facilitates oriented immobilization
Protein Pept. Lett.
14
233-236
2007
Ananas comosus (P14518)
Kalra, N.; Bhui, K.; Roy, P.; Srivastava, S.; George, J.; Prasad, S.; Shukla, Y.
Regulation of p53, nuclear factor kappaB and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by bromelain through targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse skin
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
226
30-37
2008
Ananas comosus
Bhattacharya, R.; Bhattacharyya, D.
Resistance of bromelain to SDS binding
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1794
698-708
2009
Ananas comosus
Bhui, K.; Prasad, S.; George, J.; Shukla, Y.
Bromelain inhibits COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of MAPK regulated NF-kappa B against skin tumor-initiation triggering mitochondrial death pathway
Cancer Lett.
282
167-176
2009
Ananas comosus
Fitzhugh, D.J.; Shan, S.; Dewhirst, M.W.; Hale, L.P.
Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation
Clin. Immunol.
128
66-74
2008
Ananas comosus
Secor, E.R.; Carson, W.F.; Singh, A.; Pensa, M.; Guernsey, L.A.; Schramm, C.M.; Thrall, R.S.
Oral bromelain attenuates inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma
Evid. Based. Complement Alternat. Med.
5
61-69
2008
Ananas comosus
Secor, E.R.; Singh, A.; Guernsey, L.A.; McNamara, J.T.; Zhan, L.; Maulik, N.; Thrall, R.S.
Bromelain treatment reduces CD25 expression on activated CD4+ T cells in vitro
Int. Immunopharmacol.
9
340-346
2009
Ananas comosus
Dave, S.; Mahajan, S.; Chandra, V.; Dkhar, H.K.; Sambhavi, H.K.; Gupta, P.
Specific molten globule conformation of stem bromelain at alkaline pH
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
499
26-31
2010
Ananas comosus
Ahmad, B.; Rathar, G.M.; Varshney, A.; Khan, R.H.
pH-Dependent urea-induced unfolding of stem bromelain: Unusual stability against urea at neutral pH
Biochemistry
74
1337-1343
2009
Ananas comosus
Chobotova, K.; Vernallis, A.B.; Majid, F.A.
Bromelain's activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives
Cancer Lett.
290
148-156
2010
Ananas comosus
Salampessy, J.; Phillips, M.; Seneweera, S.; Kailasapathy, K.
Release of antimicrobial peptides through bromelain hydrolysis of leatherjacket (Meuchenia sp.) insoluble proteins
Food Chem.
120
556-560
2010
Ananas comosus
Dave, S.; Dkhar, H.K.; Singh, M.P.; Gupta, G.; Chandra, V.; Mahajan, S.; Gupta, P.
Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced helix-sheet transition of stem bromelain: correlation to function
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
42
938-947
2010
Ananas comosus
Xue, Y.; Wu, C.; Branford-White, C.; Ning, X.; Nie, H.; Zhu, L.
Chemical modification of stem bromelain with anhydride groups to enhance its stability and catalytic activity
J. Mol. Catal. B
63
188-193
2010
Ananas comosus
-
Ferreira, J.; Bresolin, L.; Silveira, E.; Tambourgi, E.
Purification of bromelain from ananas comosus by PEG/phosphate ATPS
Chem. Eng. Transact.
24
931-936
2011
Ananas comosus
-
Dave, S.; Mahajan, S.; Chandra, V.; Gupta, P.
Trifluoroethanol stabilizes the molten globule state and induces non-amyloidic turbidity in stem bromelain near its isoelectric point
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
49
536-542
2011
Ananas comosus
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.M.
Effect of wine inhibitors on free pineapple stem bromelain activity in a model wine system
J. Agric. Food Chem.
59
3391-3397
2011
Ananas comosus
Amid, A.; Ismail, N.; Yusof, F.; Salleh, H.
Expression, purification, and characterization of a recombinant stem bromelain from Ananas comosus
Process Biochem.
46
2232-2239
2011
Ananas comosus
-
Ilaria, B.; Marco, E.; Katia, L.; Maria Vittoria, G.A.
Pineapple stem bromelain immobilized on different supports: catalytic properties in model wine
Biotechnol. Prog.
28
1472-1477
2012
Ananas comosus
Pavan, R.; Jain, S.; Shraddha, S.; Kumar, A.
Properties and therapeutic application of bromelain: a review
Biotechnol. Res. Int.
2012
976203
2012
Ananas comosus
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.
Immobilized pineapple stem bromelain activity in a wine-like medium: Effect of inhibitors
Food Bioprod. Process.
93
84-89
2015
Ananas comosus
-
Rani, A.; Venkatesu, P.
Insights into the interactions between enzyme and co-solvents: stability and activity of stem bromelain
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
73
189-201
2015
Ananas comosus
Lopez-Garcia, B.; Hernandez, M.; Segundo, B.S.
Bromelain, a cysteine protease from pineapple (Ananas comosus) stem, is an inhibitor of fungal plant pathogens
Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
55
62-67
2012
Ananas comosus
George, S.; Bhasker, S.; Madhav, H.; Nair, A.; Chinnamma, M.
Functional characterization of recombinant bromelain of Ananas comosus expressed in a prokaryotic system
Mol. Biotechnol.
56
166-174
2014
Ananas comosus
Banks, J.M.; Herman, C.T.; Bailey, R.C.
Bromelain decreases neutrophil interactions with P-selectin, but not E-selectin, in vitro by proteolytic cleavage of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
PLoS ONE
8
e78988
2013
Ananas comosus
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Lombardelli, C.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.
Papain from papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit and latex: Preliminary characterization in alcoholic-acidic buffer for wine application
Food Bioprod. Process.
91
595-598
2013
Ananas comosus
Al-Otaibi, W.R.; Virk, P.; Elobeid, M.
Ameliorative potential of stem bromelain on lead-induced toxicity in Wistar rats
Acta Biol. Hung.
66
149-160
2015
Ananas comosus
Misran, E.; Idris, A.; Mat Sarip, S.; Yaakob, H.
Properties of bromelain extract from different parts of the pineapple variety Morris
Biocatal. Agricult. Biotechnol.
18
101095
2019
Ananas comosus
-
Manosroi, W.; Chankhampan, C.; Manosroi, J.; Manosroi, A.
In vitro anti-cancer activity comparison of the freeze-dried and spray-dried bromelain from pineapple stems
Chiang Mai J. Sci.
44
1407-1418
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518)
-
Ramli, A.N.M.; Manas, N.H.A.; Hamid, A.A.A.; Hamid, H.A.; Illias, R.M.
Comparative structural analysis of fruit and stem bromelain from Ananas comosus
Food Chem.
266
183-191
2018
Ananas comosus (P14518), Ananas comosus
Tap, F.; Majid, F.; Khairudin, N.
Structure prediction of stem bromelain from pineapples (Ananas comosus) using procaricain enzyme as a modelling template
Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res.
11
6109-6111
2016
Ananas comosus (F1KD58)
-
Bhakuni, K.; Venkatesu, P.
Does macromolecular crowding compatible with enzyme stem bromelain structure and stability?
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
131
527-535
2019
Ananas comosus (P14518)
Sao Paulo Barretto Miranda, I.K.; Fontes Suzart Miranda, A.; Souza, F.V.; Vannier-Santos, M.A.; Pirovani, C.P.; Pepe, I.M.; Rodowanski, I.J.; Ferreira, K.T.; Mendes Souza Vaz, L.; de Assis, S.A.
The biochemical characterization, stabilization studies and the antiproliferative effect of bromelain against B16F10 murine melanoma cells
Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr.
68
442-454
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518), Ananas comosus, Ananas comosus AGB 772 (P14518)
Ghensi, P.; Cucchi, A.; Bonaccorso, A.; Ferroni, L.; Gardin, C.; Mortellaro, C.; Zavan, B.
In vitro effect of bromelain on the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells
J. Craniofac. Surg.
30
1064-1067
2019
Ananas comosus (O24641), Ananas comosus
Kumar, P.; Jha, I.; Venkatesu, P.; Bahadur, I.; Ebenso, E.
A comparative study of the stability of stem bromelain based on the variation of anions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids
J. Mol. Liq.
246
178-186
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518)
-
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