3.4.21.79: granzyme B
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about granzyme B, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.4.21.79
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3.4.21.79
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perforin
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t-cells
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cd8
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cytolytic
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immunotherapy
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vaccine
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lymphoma
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rejection
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tnf
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dendritic
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cell-mediated
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ifn-gamma
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allograft
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tregs
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tia-1
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fasl
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foxp3
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autologous
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interferon-gamma
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caspases
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degranulation
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allogeneic
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epstein-barr
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antigen-specific
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virus-specific
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immunophenotype
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ctla-4
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anti-cd3
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tumor-infiltrating
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nk-cell
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extranodal
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elispot
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synthesis
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eomes
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graft-versus-leukemia
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cd45ro
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alcls
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biotechnology
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death-1
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analysis
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intragraft
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lag-3
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hiv-specific
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medicine
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diagnostics
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degradation
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alloreactive
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lymphocyte-mediated
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lymphokine-activated
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crma
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b-mediated
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pharmacology
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ag-specific
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banff
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hepatosplenic
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anti-pd-1
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interleukin-15
- 3.4.21.79
- perforin
- t-cells
- cd8
-
cytolytic
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immunotherapy
- vaccine
- lymphoma
-
rejection
- tnf
- dendritic
-
cell-mediated
- ifn-gamma
-
allograft
-
tregs
- tia-1
- fasl
- foxp3
-
autologous
- interferon-gamma
-
caspases
-
degranulation
-
allogeneic
-
epstein-barr
-
antigen-specific
-
virus-specific
-
immunophenotype
-
ctla-4
-
anti-cd3
-
tumor-infiltrating
-
nk-cell
-
extranodal
-
elispot
- synthesis
-
eomes
-
graft-versus-leukemia
-
cd45ro
-
alcls
- biotechnology
-
death-1
- analysis
-
intragraft
- lag-3
-
hiv-specific
- medicine
- diagnostics
- degradation
-
alloreactive
-
lymphocyte-mediated
-
lymphokine-activated
- crma
-
b-mediated
- pharmacology
-
ag-specific
-
banff
-
hepatosplenic
-
anti-pd-1
- interleukin-15
Reaction
preferential cleavage: -Asp-/- >> -Asn-/- > -Met-/-, -Ser-/- =
Synonyms
Asp-ase, C11, CCP1, CCPII, CTLA1, CTSGL1, Cytotoxic cell proteinase-1, cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated protease, cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific protein, cytotoxic serine protease granzyme B, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated gene transcript-1, gB, Gra-b, granzyme B, Granzyme G, Granzyme H, GrB, GrzmB, GzB, Gzm, Gzm B, GzmB, GzmB-like enzyme, GzmH, HLp, Human lymphocyte protein, Lymphocyte protease, natural killer cell protease 1, pro-apoptotic serine protease, proGrB, Proteinase, CCP1, rat grB[N66Q], SECT, T-cell serine protease 1-3E
ECTree
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Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 3.4.21.79 - granzyme B
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Epstein-Barr virus-transformed autologous B lymphoblastoid cell line
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IL-21 and GzmB serum levels are highly correlated in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and freshly isolated CD51 systemic lupus erythematosus B cells constitutively express GzmB
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in stroke samples, Gra-b co-localizes with Annexin-V+/TUNEL+ in degenerating neurons
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transcripts of the granzyme G gene are detected at the 2-cell stage, but are absent at the oocyte, 1-cell, 96 hr, and later stages. Spatial expression is confined to the extra-embryonic trophoblasts during the middle implantation stage of the mouse placenta
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in medullary carcinoma of the breast (MCB), GrB-expressing cytotoxic T cells are found in large numbers, often nearby apoptotic tumor cells
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septic megakaryocytes produce platelets with acutely altered mRNA profiles, and these platelets mediate lymphotoxicity via granzyme B
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regulatory T cells (Tregs) freshly isolated from the peripheral blood of normal adults lack granzyme B expression. Tregs subjected to prolonged TCR and CD28 triggering, in the presence of IL-2, express high levels of granzyme B but CD3 stimulation alone or IL-2 treatment alone fail to induce granzyme B. Treatment of Tregs with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin or the PI3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 markedly suppressed granzyme B expression
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expressed in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients
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levels of GrB in the serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients is strikingly associated with the severity of erosive joint disease
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GrB is expressed, in absence of perforin in urothelial carcinoma cells. Significant differences are found between GrB expression and both increasing pathological tumor spreading and high-grade vs. low-grade pTa tumors
additional information
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granzyme B mRNA expression is increased 2.9fold in a severe septic human subject
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septic megakaryocytes produce platelets with acutely altered mRNA profiles, and these platelets mediate lymphotoxicity via granzyme B
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expressed in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung inflammation
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granzyme B expression is increased in lung transplant patients
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expressed in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and Rasmussen encephalitis patients
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of activated CTL lines, grown in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2
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a proportion of granzyme B is constitutively secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the absence of target cell engagement. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte primarily secrete inactive granzyme B zymogen, bypassing the granules. They produce less granzyme B than natural killer cells, but secrete much more (58%) than they store
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of activated CTL lines, grown in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2
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expresses gzmB. Positive gzmB cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cells abrogate target cell proliferation by inducing cell death, independent of caspases and mitochondrial signaling. Positive gzmB cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cells independently induce pro-apoptotic processes either via caspase-3/-7, leading to plasma membrane perturbance and ROS production or via Bid/Bak/Bax, resulting in cytochrome c release, whereby both pathways elicit loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
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cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets and T regulatory cells, most circulating CD56+8- NK cells and half of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes coexpress both granzymes A and B. Activation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes with concanavalin A and of CD4+ T-lymphocytes with antibodies to CD3/CD28 or CD3/CD46 induces substantial expression of granzyme B, but not of granzyme A. Granzyme B-expressing CD4+ Tr1 cells are capable of killing target cells in a perforin-dependent manner
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wild-type CD8alpha+ intraepithelial lymphocytes constitutively express granzyme B
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cord blood- and mature skin-derived mast cells. Majority of lesional mast cells express abundant GrB
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skin-, but not lung-associated primary mast cells as well as in vitro-differentiated bone marrow-derived mast cells express GzmB
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express high levels of granzyme H but relatively low levels of granzyme B
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only the YT cell line, which is a poor killer expresses low levels of GzmH
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a proportion of granzyme B is constitutively secreted by natural killer cells in the absence of target cell engagement. The protease is primarily released in an active form through secretory granules except in YT cells that mainly release inactive granzyme B zymogen. A-NK and NK92 cells secrete a comparatively small proportion of their granzyme B (ca. 10 and 0.3% of the total per hour, respectively), whereas YT cells release about 29%
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natural killer cells expressing CD16, generally express gA, gB and perforin simultaneously
GrB expressing cells are increased in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, enzyme expression is decreased following immunosuppressive therapy
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cells that do not express either granzyme (gA- or gB-) rarely express perforin and generally express little or no CD57. Granzyme B is never expressed without granzyme A. gA- gB- cells can only express low levels of perforin, as high perforin content requires expression of gA and gB. Less differentiated, naive T cells express no cytotoxic enzymes (gA- gB- Perf-), and nearly all highly differentiated effector T cells (which are largely terminally differentiated CD57 bright cells) express the three cytotoxic enzymes simultaneously. The majority of CMV-specific T cells express gA, gB, and perforin, whereas EBV-specific T cells mostly express gA but not gB and HIV-specific T cells express gA, gB but low levels of perforin
B19, HBoV1 and Candida albicans antigens are all found to induce peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) to secrete GrB in 30 parvovirus B19-seropositive and 22 parvovirus B19-seronegative subjects
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levels of GrB in the serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients is strikingly associated with the severity of erosive joint disease
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low levels of granzyme B mRNA within non-lesional skin, significant increase in granzyme B expression within lichen planus lesions. Positive correlation between levels of mRNA of granzyme B and granulysin within lesions of lichen planus
cytotoxic, interleukin-6 induces CD4 T cells to express the enzyme
elevated granzyme B in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The cells only express granzyme B following stimulation and differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CD8 expressing GrB cells are increased in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, regardless of genetic etiology
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granzyme B and granzyme C expression is detected in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated with CD3/CD28 beads or MLRs
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granzyme B is present in thymus glands from myasthenia patients, but is absent in thymus from normal adult subjects
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granzyme B and its substrate acetylcholin receptor epsilon subunit are aberrantly expressed in thymus from patients with Myasthenia gravis
additional information
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increased protein levels in all regions of vessels with advanced atherosclerosis, i.e., superficial intima, deep intima, and the media. In the intima granzyme B is present within lipid-rich regions in which it localizes to TUNEL-positive foam cells of atherosclerotic plaques. In allograft vasculopathy increase of protein levels only in the deep intima
additional information
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neither monocytes nor activated CD8+ CTLs show any GzmH expression
additional information
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no GzB activity in CTL or NK92 effector cells. Lack of GzB activity in Jurkat cells
additional information
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unstimulted HMC-1 cells and LAD 2 cells show no Grb mRNA and protein, expression upon stimulation with non-physiological stimuli
additional information
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alphabeta T cell and gammabeta T cell express gA, gB and perforin simultaneously
additional information
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CD4+ adaptive regulatory T cells generated by co-ligation of CD3 and CD46 express high amounts of granzyme B
additional information
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granzyme B is not detectable in K562 cell-conditioned medium
additional information
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low levels of GZMB mRNA and no detectable levels of granzyme B protein in resting naive or memory CD8 T cells
additional information
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large airway brushing: granzyme B expression is increased in lung transplant patients
additional information
following binding to Hsp70, GrB is rapidly internalized into tumor cells
additional information
granzyme B (GrB) belongs to a family of serine proteases that are expressed in the granules of activated CTLs and NK cells that induce apoptosis. GrB is also expressed in non-lymphoid lineage cells, including chondrocytes, neutroxadphils, keratinocytes, and macrophages
additional information
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granzyme B is not expressed in naive Treg cells but is highly expressed in 5%-30% of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells in the tumor environment
additional information
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in activated but not resting primary CD8+ T cells, a DNase1 hypersensitive site pesent upstream of the granzyme B gene. Thymocytes do not express granzyme B. MTL 2.8.2 cell line constitutively expresses granzyme B at a high level. CTLL R8 cell line constitutively expresses endogenous granzyme B gene
additional information
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granzyme B is not expressed in naive Treg cells but is highly expressed in 5%-30% of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells in the tumor environment
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