3.4.21.68: t-Plasminogen activator
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about t-Plasminogen activator, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.4.21.68
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3.4.21.68
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pai-1
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stroke
-
inhibitor-1
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artery
-
thrombolysis
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fibrinolysis
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endothelial
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infarct
-
phorbol
-
hemorrhage
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urokinase
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fibrin
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coronary
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clot
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myocardial
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coagulation
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cerebral
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12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
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fibrinogen
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occlusion
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bleeding
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platelet
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reperfusion
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heparin
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venous
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pkc
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urokinase-type
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upa
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13-acetate
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anticoagulant
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embolism
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thrombus
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intracranial
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willebrand
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angiography
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thrombotic
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recanalization
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streptokinase
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hemostatic
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prothrombin
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d-dimers
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thromboembolic
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patency
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endovascular
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intra-arterial
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antithrombin
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angioplasty
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thrombomodulin
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prothrombotic
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hypercoagulable
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drug development
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diagnostics
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medicine
- 3.4.21.68
- pai-1
- stroke
- inhibitor-1
- artery
-
thrombolysis
-
fibrinolysis
- endothelial
- infarct
-
phorbol
- hemorrhage
- urokinase
- fibrin
- coronary
- clot
- myocardial
- coagulation
- cerebral
- 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- fibrinogen
- occlusion
- bleeding
- platelet
-
reperfusion
- heparin
- venous
- pkc
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urokinase-type
- upa
-
13-acetate
-
anticoagulant
- embolism
- thrombus
- intracranial
- willebrand
-
angiography
-
thrombotic
-
recanalization
- streptokinase
-
hemostatic
- prothrombin
-
d-dimers
-
thromboembolic
-
patency
-
endovascular
-
intra-arterial
- antithrombin
-
angioplasty
- thrombomodulin
-
prothrombotic
-
hypercoagulable
- drug development
- diagnostics
- medicine
Reaction
Specific cleavage of Arg-/-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin =
Synonyms
Alteplase, BAT-PA, desmoteplase, DSPA beta, DSPA gamma, EC 3.4.21.31, EC 3.4.99.26, human tissue-type plasminogen activator, IV t-PA, IV tissue plasminogen activator, More, plasminogen activator, Plasminogen activator, tissue-type, PLAT, r-tPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Reteplase, rt-PA, rtPA, sc-tPA, sctPA, single chain enzyme tPA, t-PA, t-PA protein, t-plasminogen activator, tc-tPA, tctPA, Tissue plasminogen activator, tissue type plasminogen activator, tissue-plasminogen activator, Tissue-type plasminogen activator, tissue-type plasmiongen activator, tPA, two chain tPA
ECTree
3.4.21.68 t-Plasminogen activatorAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 3.4.21.68 - t-Plasminogen activator
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Arg-Gly-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Arg-Gly-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Glu(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Glu-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Glu-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Glu(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Glu(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Glu-Gly-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-pyroglutamic acid-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-pyroglutamic acid-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Asp(O-tert-butyl)-Gly-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
D-Asp-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Asp-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Glu-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-Ile-Pro-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Ile-Pro-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-Lys-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Lys-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-norleucyl-hexahydrotyrosol-lysine-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-norleucyl-hexahydrotyrosol-lysine + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
D-Phe-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Phe-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-Val-L-Leu-L-Lys-p-nitroanilide + H2O
D-Val-L-Leu-L-Lys + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine 4-nitroanilide + H2O
D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Laminin + H2O
?
-
tPA amplifies excitotoxic neuronal death by degrading laminin and disruption of pro-survival cell-matrix signaling
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexylalanyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Leu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Leu-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Nle-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Nle-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Val-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methyloxycarbonyl-D-Nle-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexyltyrosyl-glycyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexyltyrosyl-glycyl-arginine + p-nitroaniline
a chromogenic substrate
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
MMP-9 + H2O
?
-
tPA directly or by activation of MMP-9, can have beneficial effects on recovery after stroke by promoting neurovascular repair through vascular endothelial growth factor
-
-
?
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor + H2O
?
usage of total rat brain lysates or MBP-ATD2B fusion proteins, the recombinant human enzyme shows cleavage of the ATD sequence in the NR2B subunit N-terminus of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Enzyme-mediated degradation of NR2B is plasmin-independent. The enzyme cleaves the MBP-ATD2B fusion protein
an Arg27-Arg67-truncated NR2B-containing NMDA receptor might be formed
-
?
PAR-1 + H2O
?
-
toxic effects of tPA in stroke can be mediated through activation of PAR-1
-
-
?
pyro-Glu-Pro-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
pyro-Glu-Pro-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
S-2288TM + H2O
?
-
amidolytic activity of recombinant tPA bound to polyacrylic acid-coated magnetite is 87% of that of free recombinant tPA. Amidolytic activity of recombinant tPA immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles coated with dextran is only 11-24% of recombinant tPA bound to polyacrylic acid-coated magnetite
-
-
?
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Gly-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
Z-Pyr-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
Z-Pyr-Gly-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
[SNase]-PFGRSA + H2O
[SNase]-PFGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PFGRSAG + H2O
[SNase]-PFGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PGPFGRSAG + H2O
[SNase]-PGPFGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PGPFGRSAGG + H2O
[SNase]-PGPFGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PGSGRSAG + H2O
[SNase]-PGSGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PHYGRSGG + H2O
[SNase]-PHYGR + [SNase]-Ser-Gly-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PPFGRSAG + H2O
[SNase]-PPFGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
[SNase]-PQRGRSAG + H2O
[SNase]-PQRGR + [SNase]-Ser-Ala-Gly
-
staphylococcal nuclease with substitutions for amino acids 44-51
-
?
casein + H2O
?
-
endogenous TPA activities in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere are measured using casein-zymography
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
-
endogenous TPA activities in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere are measured using casein-zymography
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
chromogenic substrate
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
chromogenic substrate
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
-
?
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
methylsulfonyl-D-Phe-Gly-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
?
-
responsible for practically all vascular fibrinolysis through activation of plasminogen
-
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
?
-
participation in the destruction of the follicle wall
-
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
plasmin is a potent broad-spectrum protease that cleaves fibrin and is able to degrade several components of the extracellular matrix by activating procollagenases and matrix metalloproteinases
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
cleavage of an Arg-Val bond near the carboxy-terminal end
Glu-plasmin consists of two polypeptides, MW 25000 and 65000, linked together by two disulfide bonds
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
Glu-plasminogen is the native form of human plasminogen
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
Glu-plasminogen is the native form of human plasminogen
Glu-plasmin consists of two polypeptides, MW 25000 and 65000, linked together by two disulfide bonds
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
cleavage of the Arg561-Val562 bond of plasminogen, converting the zymogen into the active serine protease plasmin
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
patients suffering intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral infarction after receiving 100 mg t-PA for acute myocardial infarction
-
-
?
plasminogen + H2O
plasmin + ?
-
the tPA plasminogen proteolytic cascade is involved in the cleavage of probrain-derived neurotrophic factor to brain-derived neurotrophic factor, by which the direction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor action is controlled. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is important for the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder
-
-
?
Plasminogen-activator-inhibitor 1 + H2O
?
-
treatment with 0.1% SDS, PAI-1 loses its inhibitory activity and is cleaved as a substrate in the reactive centre
-
-
?
Plasminogen-activator-inhibitor 1 + H2O
?
-
PAI-1 may occur in three interconvertible conformations: latent, inhibitor and substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cleaves linear and cyclic peptides containing its normal target sequence from plasminogen
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
single-chain t-PA, sct-PA can be converted to two-chain forrm, tct-PA, by activation cleavage at the arg275-Ile276 peptide bond
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
single-chain t-PA, sct-PA can be converted to two-chain forrm, tct-PA, by activation cleavage at the arg275-Ile276 peptide bond, no hydrolysis of Boc-L-FLRANSNH-C3H7, L-FLRANSNH-C3H7, Boc-D-VSRANSNH-(i-C3H7), D-VSRANSNH-(i-C3H7), BOC-D-VLRANSN-H4H9, D-VLRANSN-H4H9, Boc-D-PGRANSNH-(i-C3H7), D-PGRANSNH-(i-C3H), Boc-D-PPRANSNH-(i-C3H7), D-PPRANSNH-(i-C3H7), Boc-D-SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, D-SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, Boc-L-SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, L-SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, Boc-L-(Obz)SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, L-(Obz)SPRANSNH-CH2C6H5, (Z)-L-(Boc)EGRANSNH-C3H7, (Z)-L-EGRANSNH-CH7, L-EGRANSNH-C3H7, (Z)-L-(Boc)EPRANSNH-C3H7, (Z)-L-EPR-ANSNH-C3H7, and L-EPRANSNH-C3H7
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
addition of human recombinant tPA after ischemia, in a mouse model of transient 30-min-suture middle cerebral artery occlusion, enhances ischemic damage both in vitro and in vivo, but XG-102 is able to induce a significant neuroprotection. Addition of recombinant tPA after oxygen and glucose deprivation enhances neuronal death in CA1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tPA facilitates Ca2+ influx via NMDA receptors and dopaminergic transmission via D1 receptors and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. tPA promotes degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is important for synaptic remodeling and formation of new axonal varicosities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tPA is a survival factor that prevents renal interstitial fibroblasts (cell line NRK-49F) and myofibroblasts from apoptosis induced by staurosporine and oxidative stress through an LRP-1-, Erk1/2-, p90RSK-, and Bad-dependent mechanism. Antiapoptotic effect of tPA is independent of its protease activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the kringle domains 1 and 2 of tissue-type plasminogen activator, TK12, interact with endothelial vein cells via integrin and the kringle domain DGDA amino acid sequence, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
both plasminogen activation and fibrin lysis by tPA. Lysis of fibrin clots performed using confocal microscopy in conjunction with tPA-GFP added to clots formed of fibrin100 and fibrin5. The front of the fibrin clot moves faster in fibrin5 than in fibrin100. There are also morphologic differences that develop in the 2 fibrins as indicated by the pattern of fluorescence, which reflects tPA distribution. Specifically, it can be seen that a granular pattern develops in the fibrin5 lysis series in contrast to the homogeneous fluorescence pattern that is maintained in the fibrin100 series. Binding analysis of tPA to aggregates formed in fibrin5, using orange fluorescent fibrinogen converted to fluorescent fibrin100 and fibrin5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the fibrinolytic activity of tPA is determined by the fibrin clot lysis assay using fibrin-containing agarose plates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme converts plasminogen into plasmin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
measurement of the remaining activity of immobilized enzyme tPA by two different assays: the S-2288TM assay, which measures the amidolytic activity towards chromogenic substrate, and the fibrinolytic activity assay in fibrin-containing agarose gels
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
measurement of the remaining activity of immobilized enzyme tPA by two different assays: the S-2288TM assay, which measures the amidolytic activity towards chromogenic substrate, and the fibrinolytic activity assay in fibrin-containing agarose gels
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of enzyme tissue-type plasminogen activator, comparison with urokinase-type plasminogen activator, EC 3.4.21.73. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator shows much higher activity towards the peptide substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ZIP4 physically interacts with tPA, immunohistochemic analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the amidolytic assay can be adapted to accurately detect changes in net tPA activity in mouse brain tissues, examination of differences in net tPA activity in the cerebral cortex, sub-cortical structures and cerebellum in wild-type and tPA knockout mice, and in transgenic T4 mice selectively overexpressing tPA in neurons, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the amidolytic assay can be adapted to accurately detect changes in net tPA activity in mouse brain tissues, examination of differences in net tPA activity in the cerebral cortex, sub-cortical structures and cerebellum in wild-type and tPA knockout mice, and in transgenic T4 mice selectively overexpressing tPA in neurons, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ZIP4 physically interacts with tPA, immunohistochemic analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
t-PA treatment promotes metalloproteinase-9, metalloproteinase-8, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 release from human neutrophils ex vivo within 10 and 30 min. t-PA treatment also promotes metalloproteinase-9 release in formyl peptide-preactivated neutrophils. t-PA treatment stimulates neutrophil degranulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tPA induces N27 neuroblast cell death in a dose-and time-dependent manner
-
-
?
