3.2.2.22: rRNA N-glycosylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about rRNA N-glycosylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.2.2.22
-
3.2.2.22
-
checkpoint
-
immunotherapy
-
lymphocyte
-
death-ligand
-
nsclc
-
non-small
-
t-cells
-
tumor-infiltrating
-
clinicopathological
-
immunotoxins
-
subtypes
-
cd8
-
pembrolizumab
-
melanoma
-
adenocarcinoma
-
progression-free
-
death-1
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ligand-1
-
resect
-
lymphoma
-
toxin-producing
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anti-pd-1
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dendritic
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uremic
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nivolumab
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monotherapy
-
durable
-
hemolytic
-
first-line
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ctla-4
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urothelial
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tregs
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intratumoral
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evasion
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immune-related
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non-small-cell
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immunotherapeutic
-
diarrhea
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treatment-related
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alk
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second-line
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platinum-based
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castor
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myeloid-derived
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shigella
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neoadjuvant
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foxp3
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cytotoxin
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serogroups
-
agriculture
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biotechnology
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nutrition
-
medicine
-
pharmacology
-
diagnostics
-
analysis
-
recist
- 3.2.2.22
-
checkpoint
-
immunotherapy
- lymphocyte
-
death-ligand
-
nsclc
-
non-small
- t-cells
-
tumor-infiltrating
-
clinicopathological
- immunotoxins
- subtypes
- cd8
-
pembrolizumab
- melanoma
- adenocarcinoma
-
progression-free
-
death-1
- ligand-1
-
resect
- lymphoma
-
toxin-producing
-
anti-pd-1
- dendritic
-
uremic
-
nivolumab
-
monotherapy
-
durable
-
hemolytic
-
first-line
-
ctla-4
-
urothelial
-
tregs
-
intratumoral
-
evasion
-
immune-related
-
non-small-cell
-
immunotherapeutic
-
diarrhea
-
treatment-related
- alk
-
second-line
-
platinum-based
- castor
-
myeloid-derived
- shigella
-
neoadjuvant
- foxp3
-
cytotoxin
-
serogroups
- agriculture
- biotechnology
- nutrition
- medicine
- pharmacology
- diagnostics
- analysis
-
recist
Reaction
Synonyms
(ribosome-inactivating protein)-like protein, abelesculin, ABRaA, abrin, abrin-a A chain, Abrus precatorius agglutinin, alpha-MC, alpha-momorcharin, alpha-pisavin, antiviral protein DAP-30, aralin, B-32, balsamin, BBAP1, BE27, beta-momorcharin, beta-pisavin, Bougainvillea xbuttiana antiviral protein 1, bouganin, camphorin, CAP30, cinnamomin, Cochinin B, cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin, D6D54_07625, D6D54_08385, D6D54_08880, depurinating rRNA N-glycosidase, dianthin 30, dianthin 32, dianthin-30, diphtheria toxin, ebulin b, ebulitin alpha, ebulitin beta, ebulitin gamma, gelonin, gysophilin, hispin, IRAb, IRIP, Iris agglutinin b, Iris ribosome-inactivating protein, JIP60, karasurin-A, KML, lamjapin, luffaculin I, luffin P1, lychnin, MAP, marmorin, ME1, Mirabilis antiviral protein, mistletoe lectin I, mistletoe lectin II, mistletoe lectin III, ML-I, MLI, MLII, MLIII, MOD, modeccin, momorcochin, momorcochin-S, momordin, momordin I, momordin II, momorgrosvin, More, N-glycosidase, n-TCS, neo-trichosanthin, nigrin b, nigritin f1, nigritin f2, PAG, PAGase, PAP, PAP-I, PAP-II, PAP-III, PAP-R, PAP-S, PD-L, PD-L1, PD-L4, pepocin, PGase, pokeweed anti-viral protein, pokeweed antiviral protein, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosylase, porrectin, RA, RCA-II, ribosomal inactivating protein, ribosomal ribonucleate N-glycosidase, ribosome inactivating protein, ribosome-inactivating protein, ribosome-inactivating protein 3, ribosome-inactivating protein type II, ribosome-inactivating proteins, ribosome-inactivating type II protein, ribosome-specific N-glycosidase, ricin, ricin A, ricin A chain, ricin A-chain, ricin toxin A-chain, ricin-A-chain, ricin-like protein, Ricinus communis agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin II, RIP, RIP-1, RIP1, RIP2, RIPII, riproximin, RLP1, RLP2, RLP3, RLP4, RLP5, RLP6, RNA N-glycosidase, RNA-NGA, RNA-specific N-glycosidase, RNase Bo, Rpx, rRNA N-glycosidase, RTA, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin I, SAP, saporin, saporin 6, saporin S-6, saporin S6, saporin-6, saporin-L1, saporin-S6, saporins, SBA, SCO7092, SEPIN, Shiga toxin, Shiga toxin 1, Shiga toxin 1 subunit A, Shiga toxin 2, Shiga toxin 2 subunit A, Shiga toxin type 1, Shiga toxin type 2, Shiga toxin-1, shiga-like toxin, shiga-like toxin I, sieboldin-b, single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein, SLT-I, SLT-II, SLT-IIv, SNA, SNA-I, SNA-V, SnaI, SNAIf, SNAV, SNLRP, SoRIP1, SoRIP2, stenodactylin, Stx, Stx type 1, Stx-1, Stx1, Stx1A, Stx2, Stx2A, Stx2dact, StxB, TCS, trichoanguin, trichomaglin, trichosanthin, Trichosanthrip, trichosnathin, TRIP, tritin-L, tritin-S, TYchi, type 1 ribosome inactivating protein, type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein, type 1 RIP, type 2 ribosome inactivating protein, type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein, type 2 RIP, type 2RIP, type 3 RIP, type I ribosome inactivating protein, type I ribosome-inactivating protein, type I RIP, type II ribosome inactivating protein, type II ribosome-inactivating protein, type II RIP, type III ribosome-inactivating protein, type III RIP, type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein, type-1 RIP, type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein, type-2 RIP, VAA-I, viscinum, Viscum album agglutinin I, viscumin, volkensin
ECTree
3.2.2.22 rRNA N-glycosylaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 3.2.2.22 - rRNA N-glycosylase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
14-mer rRNA with GAGA tetraloop + H2O
14-mer rRNA with GabGA + ?
-
substrate and product with specific DNA loop probe, fluorophore and quencher, 37°C, citrate buffer, pH 4.0, than neutralization to pH 7.6 and hybridization with DNA-probes
-
-
?
2'-anthraniloyl 7-methylguanosine triphosphate + H2O
?
-
depurination downstream of cap structure, 2.4-fold enhanced binding to m7GTP upon the addition of translation initiation factor G4 (elFiso4G)
-
-
?
25S rNA + H2O
?
-
-
enzyme depurinates the sarcin/ricin loop when the A-site of the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center is unoccupied
-
?
26S rRNA + H2O
?
-
depurination of ribosomes from yeast, product determination using aniline coupling
-
-
?
28S RNA + H2O
?
substrate from rat liver ribosomes, depurination of A4324, generation of a 420nt fragment, product determination using aniline coupling
-
-
?
5'-dG1dC2dG3dC4dG5A6dG7dA8dG9dC10dG11dC12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-dG1dC2dG3dC4dG5dA6dG7A8dG9dC10dG11dC12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-dG1dC2dG3dC4dG5dA6G7dA8dG9dC10dG11dC12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-dG1dC2dG3dC4G5dA6dG7dA8dG9dC10dG11dC12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4dG5A6dG7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4dG5A6G7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4dG5A6G7dA8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5A6dG7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5A6G7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, preferred substrates to DNA stem loop derivatives, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5A6G7dA8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5A6G7mA8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
RNA-2'-methoxy nucleic acid hybrid stem-loop substrate
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5A6mG7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
RNA-2'-methoxy nucleic acid hybrid stem-loop substrate
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5dA6G7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
GAGA stem-loop RNA-DNA hybrid substrate, analysis of activity with substrate derivative possessing variations in the tetraloop G5-A8, overview
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4G5mA6G7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
RNA-2'-methoxy nucleic acid hybrid stem-loop substrate
-
-
?
5'-G1C2G3C4mG5A6G7A8G9C10G11C12-3' + H2O
?
-
RNA-2'-methoxy nucleic acid hybrid stem-loop substrate
-
-
?
8-vinyl-2'-deoxyadenosine containing 10-mer stem-tetraloop RNA + H2O
8-vinyladenine + ?
-
-
slow
-
?
adenosine + H2O
adenine + D-ribose
-
-
holoenzyme is active against small substrates
-
?
cyclic phosphorothioyl dGdAdGdA + H2O
?
-
ring closure via a phosphorothioate bond
-
-
?
GCGCGAGAGCGC + H2O
GCGCGGAGCGC + ?
-
DNA substrate (100 pmol/microl) mimicking natural rRNA substrate, reaction buffer: 10 mM ammonium citrate with 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, pH 4, 37°C, 4 h
-
-
?
human mtDNA + H2O
?
-
saporin 6 shows specific nuclease activity towards the D-loop of human mitochondrial, covalently closed circular DNA, determination of sites of action by restriction analysis
-
-
?
large RNA + H2O
?
removal of a single adenine
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
large rRNA fragments, partially deadenylated
substrate are intact rabbit ribosomes, best substrate, or ribosomes from Aspergillus flavus, low activity, or Zea mays, the latter are poor substrates, depurination of specific sites in rRNA, formation of RNA fragments
fragment size overview, product determination using aniline coupling
-
?
mRNA + H2O
?
-
in vitro translation inhibition assay in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, 30 degrees Celsius
-
-
?
mRNA cap + H2O
?
mRNA cap structures including N7-methyl guanine, N7-methyl guanosine diphosphate, and N7-methyl guanosine triphosphate bind to RIP-1
-
-
?
non-ribosomal RNA + H2O
?
-
e.g. mRNA: Phytophthora cryptotogea B26 RNA, or Arabidopsis thaliana RNA, single-stranded, identification of cleavage sites, overview
-
-
?
pGEM-4Z plasmid DNA + H2O
?
-
isozyme saporin-SO6 wrappes the DNA and localizes in a variable manner along the DNA molecule to perform fragmentalized digestion
-
-
ir
rabbit ribosome 80S rRNA + H2O
?
-
good substrate for saporin-L1, low activity by saporin-S6
-
-
?
ribosome + H2O
?
-
inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate by depurination of rRNA
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + H2O
?
-
isozyme saporin-SO6 cleaves the supercoiled DNA resulting in linearized and relaxed DNA forms
-
-
?
23S rRNA + H2O
?
substrate is from Escherichia coli ribosomes, the naked 23S rRNA is a good substrate, while the intact native ribosome ins no substrate
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
28S rRNA fragment + ?
-
depurination at A4324, removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
28S rRNA fragment + ?
depurination or 28S rRNA, removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
source: rat liver, depurination of residue A4324, 50% cleavage at 62.8 pM
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
substrate from rat liver ribosomes, generation of an R-fragment from 28S RNA, product determination using aniline coupling
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
from ribosomes of Chenopodium, tomato and tobacco leaves, depurination of the large rRNA
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
inactivation of protein translation in targeted cells, e.g. bacterial cells, where the toxin is transported into the cytosol
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes, depurination of rRNA
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
substrate is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH500 ribosomes, depurination of an adenine of the 28S rRNA, substrate structure oveview
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
source: ribosome of HeLa cell
depurination of rRNA and release of RNA fragment of approximately 400 nucleotides
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
in ribosomes, generation of an R-fragment from 28S RNA, depurination of A4324
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
of eukaryotic ribosomes, generation of an R-fragment from 28S RNA, depurination of a single adenylate on a GAGA stem-loop region
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
substrate is from rat liver ribosomes, depurination of A4324 of rat 28S rRNA, generation of an R-fragment from 28S RNA, the enzyme prefers the native ribosome to the naked 28S rRNA, the toxin recognizes the sarcin-ricin domain, structure overview
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
the protein removes a specific adenine residue from the ribosomal RNA inducing the block of protein synthesis by inhibiting the binding of the elongation factor 2
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
saporin is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein with N-glycosidase activity. It removes adenine residues from the 28S ribosomal RNA resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
?
-
the protein removes a specific adenine residue from the ribosomal RNA inducing the block of protein synthesis by inhibiting the binding of the elongation factor 2
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
apurinic 28S rRNA + adenine
-
depurination of a specific adenine in 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
apurinic 28S rRNA + adenine
-
depurination of a specific adenine in 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28S rRNA + H2O
apurinic 28S rRNA + adenine
-
depurination of a specific adenine in 28S rRNA
-
-
?
28Sdelta rRNA + H2O
?
-
depurination of the A51 residue of Trypanosoma cruzi 28Sdelta rRNA, the C-terminal end of ribosomal P proteins is not required for full activity
-
?
28Sdelta rRNA + H2O
?
-
depurination of the A51 residue of Trypanosoma cruzi 28Sdelta rRNA, the C-terminal end of ribosomal P proteins is required for full activity of trichosanthin
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdAAAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdAAA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal
-
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdAAAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdAAA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal
-
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdAGAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdAGA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal
-
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdAGAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdAGA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal
-
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdUGAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdUGA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal to test for false positive signal
-
-
?
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAGdUGAUCUCCC + H2O
5'/biotin/AGCGGGAGAG + ?
-
RNA GdUGA substrate hybridized with ruthenylated oligodeoxynucleotide 50/Ru/TTTTTdAdCdCTdCTdCTdCdGdCTdC to give a electrochemiluminescence signal to test for false positive signal
-
-
?
adenosine in rRNA + H2O
deadenylated rRNA + adenine
-
rRNA is depurinated thus producing inactive ribosomes and inhibition protein synthesis probably due to the lack of the interaction between depurinated ribosomes and elongation factor 2
-
-
?
brome mosaic virus RNA + H2O
?
-
depurination of the viral RNA, anti-viral activity of PAP by inhibition of accumulation of viral RNA and viral proliferation in barley protoplasts, overview
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
DNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
GdAGA + H2O
?
-
substrate forms a hairpin structure, clevage in presence of N,N'-dimethylethylendiamine
-
-
?
GdAGA + H2O
?
-
substrate forms a hairpin structure, clevage in presence of N,N'-dimethylethylendiamine
-
-
?
GdAGA + H2O
?
-
substrate forms a hairpin structure, clevage in presence of N,N'-dimethylethylendiamine
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site
-
-
?
large rRNA + H2O
?
inhibition of translation and protein synthesis, cytotoxic
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
naked rRNA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
polyA + H2O
?
-
primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme is active on viral RNA, e.g. from Human immunodeficiency virus-1 and Brome mosaic virus, RNA accession mechanism via interaction with translation initiation factors 4G and iso4G, overview
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
-
the enzyme is active on viral RNA, e.g. from Human immunodeficiency virus-1 and Brome mosaic virus
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
-
ribosomes from rat liver (eukaryotic) and Escherichia coli JM109 (prokaryotic), 37°C, 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6 with 50 mM KCl and 5 mM MgCl2
-
-
?
RNA + H2O
?
ribosomes from rat liver (eukaryotic) and Escherichia coli JM109 (prokaryotic), 37°C, 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6 with 50 mM KCl and 5 mM MgCl2
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
abrin plays an important role in the early development of immunology
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
believed to protect the seeds they inhabit against plant-eating organisms like phytophagous invertebrates and herbivorous animals
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
activitiy test with ribosomes isolated from Nicotiana tabacum leaves, antiviral activity tested with Nicotiana glutinosa leaves treated with enzyme and subsequently with tobacco mosaic virus
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cannot inactivate its own autologous ribosome, RIPs are less efficient on plant than on mammalian ribosomes and on naked RNA than on intact ribosomes
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
pepocin cleaves the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 in rabbit 28S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
inhibits mechanical transmission of plant viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
a total of 20 and 40 microg of ribosome inactivating protein on 1 square cm discs of Physeolus vulgaris leaves, monitoring of weight gain (day 4 and 10), survival rate, DNA lesions, and oxidative status as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation in third instar butterfly larvae of Noctuidae Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
removes G4323 from rabbit reticulocyte, tobacco and yeast ribosomes
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
depurination of the sarcin-ricin loop of eukaryotic large rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
PAP causes translation arrest and is cytotoxic in targeted cells
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
pokeweed antiviral protein binds to ribosomes and depurinates a specific adenine in the highly conserved alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of the large subunit rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
a total of 20 and 40 microg of ribosome inactivating protein on 1 square cm discs of Physeolus vulgaris leaves, monitoring of weight gain (day 4 and 10), survival rate, DNA lesions, and oxidative status as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation in third instar butterfly larvae of Noctuidae Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
-
646314, 646894, 646895, 646920, 646923, 646924, 666379, 698877, 714904, 731351, 731676, 731786, 732952, 732953
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
with deproteinized Escherichia coli rRNA as substrate, ricin A-chain cleaves the N-glycosidic bond at A-2600 in 23S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
believed to protect the seeds they inhabit against plant-eating organisms like phytophagous invertebrates and herbivorous animals
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
source: rat liver ribosome, surface charge properties of enzyme correlate with the presence of the transport chain within the enzyme molecule
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
PAP causes translation arrest and is cytotoxic in targeted eukaryotic cells
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
the ribotoxin depurinates a specific adenine in the highly conserved alpha-sarcin loop of the large subunit rRNA of eukaryotic ribosomes
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
source: rat liver ribosome, surface charge properties of enzyme correlate with the presence of the transport chain within the enzyme molecule
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
a total of 20 and 40 microg of ribosome inactivating protein on 1 square cm discs of Physeolus vulgaris leaves, monitoring of weight gain (day 4 and 10), survival rate, DNA lesions, and oxidative status as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation in third instar butterfly larvae of Noctuidae Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
removal of adenine residue from rRNA loop, caspase-dependent apoptosis induction in human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells via mitochondiral pathway
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
a total of 20 and 40 microg of ribosome inactivating protein on 1 square cm discs of Physeolus vulgaris leaves, monitoring of weight gain (day 4 and 10), survival rate, DNA lesions, and oxidative status as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation in third instar butterfly larvae of Noctuidae Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
physiological role of RIPs in plants may be to defense against pathogens
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
a total of 20 and 40 microg of ribosome inactivating protein on 1 square cm discs of Physeolus vulgaris leaves, monitoring of weight gain (day 4 and 10), survival rate, DNA lesions, and oxidative status as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidic peroxidation in third instar butterfly larvae of Noctuidae Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
cleaves the N-glycosidic bond and removes adenine at A-4324 in 28 S rRNA when intact rat ribosomes are the substrate, cleaves the same N-glycosidic bond in naked 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
depurination of A-4324 of 28S rRNA, inhibition of protein synthesis in a nuclease-untreated rabbit reticulocyte lysate
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
-
rat ribosomes, depurination at a single adenine residue of the conserved sarcin-ricin loop of eukaryotic large rRNA
-
-
?
rRNA + H2O
?
inhibition of translation and protein synthesis, cytotoxic
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
highly purified enzymes depurinate extensively pBR322 circular, supercoiled DNA at neutral pH and exhibit neither DNase nor DNA glycosylase activities, DNA modifications other than depurination may be attributed to contamination with nucleases, gelonin, momordin I, PAP-S, and saporin-S6 do not cleave DNA strands, the only base released is adenine, it may be concluded that polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase is the enzymatic activity on DNA of these, and possibly all, ribosome-inactivating proteins
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
highly purified enzymes depurinate extensively pBR322 circular, supercoiled DNA at neutral pH and exhibit neither DNase nor DNA glycosylase activities, DNA modifications other than depurination may be attributed to contamination with nucleases, gelonin, momordin I, PAP-S, and saporin-S6 do not cleave DNA strands, the only base released is adenine, it may be concluded that polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase is the enzymatic activity on DNA of these, and possibly all, ribosome-inactivating proteins
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
topological activity on pBlueScript SK+DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
saporin-L1 depurinates DNA extensively and releases adenine from all adenine-containing polynucleotides
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
highly purified enzymes depurinate extensively pBR322 circular, supercoiled DNA at neutral pH and exhibit neither DNase nor DNA glycosylase activities, DNA modifications other than depurination may be attributed to contamination with nucleases, gelonin, momordin I, PAP-S, and saporin-S6 do not cleave DNA strands, the only base released is adenine, it may be concluded that polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase is the enzymatic activity on DNA of these, and possibly all, ribosome-inactivating proteins
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
herring sperm DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
highly purified enzymes depurinate extensively pBR322 circular, supercoiled DNA at neutral pH and exhibit neither DNase nor DNA glycosylase activities, DNA modifications other than depurination may be attributed to contamination with nucleases, gelonin, momordin I, PAP-S, and saporin-S6 do not cleave DNA strands, the only base released is adenine, it may be concluded that polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase is the enzymatic activity on DNA of these, and possibly all, ribosome-inactivating proteins
-
-
?
supercoiled double-stranded DNA + H2O
nicked and linear forms of DNA
-
-
-
-
?
tobacco mosaic virus RNA + H2O
?
-
SNA-I, SNA-V, and SNLRP show anti-viral activity
-
-
?
tobacco mosaic virus RNA + H2O
?
-
SNA-I, SNA-V, and SNLRP show polynucleotide-adenosine glycosylase activity, i.e. PAG activity, releasing adenine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the cytotoxic enzyme irreversibly inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes in target cells, e.g. Sp2/0 cells and SMMC-7721 cells, by depurinating a key adenine residue from a highly conserved GAGA loop in 28S rRNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and/or GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, abrin causes apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
protein inhibition assay in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system with inhibition of L-leucine incorporation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removal of specific adenine of ribosomal RNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis by inactivation of ribosomes in target cells, e.g. Caco-2 and Vero cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of modeccin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIPs, are specific RNA N-glycosidases and inhibit protein synthesis and induce cell death by removing a single adenine from a specific rRNA loop. Type 1 RIPs are single-chain enzymes with N-glycosidase activity. Type 2 RIPs contain two chains A and B linked by a disulfide bond. The A chain has RIP enzymatic activity, whereas the B chain shows lectin activity and is able to bind to glycosylated receptors on the cell surface. Stenodactylin is a type 2 RIP
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal of the target cell surface receptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of volkensin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits the target cell protein synthesis and causes apoptosis, interaction of volkensin with HeLa cells: binding to cell surface receptors, uptake by endocytosis and accumulation, intracellular localization in the Golgi apparatus and translocation via endoplamic reticulum into the cytosol, degradation and exocytosis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytotoxic enzyme induces apoptosis in transformed cells by inhibiting protein synthesis and inactivating ribosomes, the enzyme targets diverse cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme targets diverse cells, e.g. WI-38 cells or VA-13 cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CAP30 exhibits antibacterial activity and is induced in case of infection or wounding
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
damages eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 of the 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted BA/F3beta cells, the cytotoxicity is low compared to ricin of Ricinus communis due to the low affinity of the B-chain subunit for the cell surface ligands
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
damages eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 of the 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis by inactivation of ribosomes in target cells, e.g. Caco-2 and Vero cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
also active on wheat-germ ribosomes and Escherichia coli ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
releases adenine from highly purified Artemia salina ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
pentameric B subunit binds to its cell surface receptor Gb3 for toxin internalization, and the A subunit follows intracellular retrograde transport to the cytosol where its RNA N-glycosidase activity shuts down the protein synthesis, and leads to cell death
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is 28S rRNA from RAW264.7 cells. RIPs remove a specific adenine from rRNA. Development of an assay method involving reverse transcriptase, evaluation, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit-reticulocyte lysate, smaller effect on poly(U)-directed phenylalanine polymerisation by rat liver ribosomes and on protein synthesis by various cell lines
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
damages eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 of the 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, which is increased by association with glucanase and chitinase facilitating the entry of RIP
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Iris sp.
-
IRAb shows strong local antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus, but cannot confersystemic protection against viruses, e.g. the tobacco etch virus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Iris sp.
-
IRIP shows strong local antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus, but cannot confer systemic protection against viruses, e.g. the tobacco etch virus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Iris sp.
-
IRAb shows strong local antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Iris sp.
-
IRIP shows strong local antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MAP shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with Escherichia coli ribosomes by native and recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with Escherichia coli ribosomes by native and recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, no activity with double-stranded heat-denatured DNA, the N-glycosidase activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein ME1 targets single-stranded regions of nucleic acids independent of sequence or structural motifs
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inactivates both eukaryotic and procaryotic ribosomes by means of site-specific RNA N-glycosidase activity, inhibits mechanical transmission of plant viruses
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
balsamin exhibits both RNA N-glycosidase activity, and DNase-like activity, converting the supercoiled form of a plasmid into the linear form in a concentration-dependent manner
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor, preferring Gal
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme inhibits the growth of the fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea in vitro
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme inhibits the growth of the fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea in vitro
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
depurination of rRNA, N-glycosidase activity, oxidative and genotoxic action on butterfly third instar larvae Anticarsia gemmatalis (soybean caterpillar) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIPs, are a family of enzymes that depurinate rRNA and inhibit protein biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
alpha-momorcharin has both N-glycosidase activity and DNA-nuclease activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-momorcharin has both N-glycosidase activity and DNA-nuclease activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit-reticulocyte lysate and phenylalanine polymerization by isolated ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
momorcochin-S damages rRNA in the same manner as ricin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme shows strong inhibitory activity on protein synthesis in rabbit cell-free reticulocyte lysate system with IC50 value of 0.36nM. Enzyme is cytotoxic. IC50 values of Cochinin B are 16.9, 114 and 574 nM for human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell, HEK 293 and NCI-H187 cell, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits translation of rabbit reticulocytes and wheat germ lysate, the enzyme shows anti-microbial activity, e.g. against Trichoderma reesei, Ervinia amylovora, Shigella asonei, Salmonella typhimurium, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Cytospora cankar, and Pseudomonas solancearum, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
anti-viral activity of PAP in CBA mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV strain WE54, inoculated by intracerebral injections, overview, anti-viral activity against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with strain HIV-1 HLTVIIIB, IC50p24 is 14 nM
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAP shows high antiviral activity against both plant and animal viruses, mechanism study, viral particles are not attacked directly, the ribosome inactivation is not essential for antiviral effectivity, PAP acts as immunotoxin, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
anti-viral activity of PAP in vitro against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV, and against HIV-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAP does not show rRNA depurination activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with translation initiation factors 4G and iso4G, binding and interaction study with wild-type and mutant factors, overview, PAP binds to thr m7G cap structure
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
depurination of rRNA, N-glycosidase activity, oxidative and genotoxic action on butterfly third instar larvae Anticarsia gemmatalis (soybean caterpillar) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAP shows RNA N-glycosidase activity towards eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes, karasurin-A only towards eukaryotic ribosomes, removal of specific adenine from alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of the large rRNA, substrate specificity (eukaryotic/prokaryotic) determined by C-terminus residues 209-225
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removal of adenine from rRNA, inactivating ribosomal function in translation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte. Structure-function relationship, influence of carbohydrate moieties, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte. Structure-function relationship, influence of carbohydrate moieties, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no effect on 23S rRNA in Escherichia coli ribosomes, N-glycosidic bond is cleaved in naked 23S rRNA, also acts on naked 16S rRNA, cleaves the N-glycosidic bond of adenine at position 1014
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
damages eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 of the 28 S rRNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ricin biosynthesis, overview, ricin acts also on the endogenous ribosomes and is thus localized in vacuoles in seeds, the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of target cell surface components, target cells are mammalian cells, the toxin enters by binding to the target cell surface followed by endocytosis and retrograde transport via the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum where the active part is set free and membrane translocated to the cytosol dependent on several factors, in the cytosol the toxin attacks the rRNA via interaction with the sarcin-ricin domain of the large ribosome, inhibiting the ribosomes, and leading to apoptosis, different mechanism of endocytosis are possible, detailed overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin or the catalytic A-chain are highly cytotoxic
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted BA/F3beta cells, the cytotoxicity is high compared to cinnamomin of Cinnamomum camphora due to the high affinity of the B-chain subunit for the cell surface ligands
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme induces cytokinins, e.g. interleukin-8, the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis by inactivation of ribosomes in target cells, e.g. Caco-2 and Vero cells, the enzyme targets the cell surface of the target cell followed by endocytosis and transport to the endoplasmic reticulum where the active part is set free and translocated to the cytosol dependent on several factors, in the cytosol the toxin attacks its target
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic and causes apoptosis, high doses of ricin are lethal e.g. in rats, ricin enters the targeted cell by endocytosis, is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and retrograde transported to the cytosol, ricin is transported along nerves in rats, ricin A-chain shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, ricin is strongly immunogenic and acts as immunotoxin, overview, ricin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is a cytotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis and DNA lesions repair in human cells and causing apoptosis, in addition, the enzyme causes DNA lesions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the wild-type holotoxin ricin is lethal for the target cell, e.g. Verocells, due to inactivation of ribosomes and inhibition of protein synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
binding of RTA to the GAGA tetraloop of rRNA, interaction analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction of catalytic ricin A-chain with RNA stem-loop structures
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
reduced ricin holotoxin shows no depurination activity with viral ribosomes from TMV, AMCV, or MS 2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin A-chain activity on stem-loop and unstructured DNA substrates, structural requirements for activity, stem and tetraloop structures are essential, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of catalytic ricin A-chain with RNA, DNA, and hybrid stem-loop structures
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme catalyzes the release of two adenine residues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin A chain expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits activation of unfolded protein response by preventing HAC1 mRNA splicing. The inability to activate unfolded protein response contributes to ricin cytotoxicity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin stimulates human monocyte/macrophage cell line 28SC to secrete interleukin IL-8. IL-8 induction can be blocked by brefeldin A. After ricin exposure, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase levels are elevated. Treatment of cells with p38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 suppresses ricin-mediated IL-8 release
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin A-chain can inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes, but exhibits no N-glycosidase activity on intact Escherichia coli ribosomes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin inhibits translation by removal of a specific adenine from 28S RNA, all seven full-length ricin family members are active
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
RTA catalyzes adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ricin-A-chain catalyzes the depurination of synthetic 32mer and 25mer oligoribonucleotides mimicking the sarcin/ricin domain of the Rattus norvegicus 28S rRNA and Escherichia coli 23S rRNA, comparative analysis, overview. Synthesis of synthetic 5'-FAM-fluorescence-labeled GAGA tetraloop oligoribonucleotide substrates, substrate recognition and binding, dynamics, overview
-
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ricin toxin A-chain catalyzes the hydrolytic depurination of a single base from a GAGA tetraloop of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA to release a single adenine from the sarcin-ricin loop. It catalyzes depurination of 80S rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes and 60S yeast ribosomes by RTA, substrates are stem-loop substrate A-10 and A-14 2-dA stem-loop RNA/DNA hybrid, in general 6mer to 18mer stem-loop DNA and RNA 28S SRL mimic oligonucleotides. Development of a high-sensitive quantitative adenine detection method for enzyme activity measurement through coupling of RIP activity with adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, EC 2.4.2.7, and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, EC 2.7.9.1, in a colimetric assay, discontinous and continouos formats, optimization, overview. Deoxyadenosine at the depurination site, GdAGA, of RNA stem-loop oligonucleotides increases the catalytic efficiency by RTA a factor of about 4
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RTA catalyzes adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis, substrate binding structure, overview
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substrate is 28S rRNA from RAW264.7 cells. RIPs remove a specific adenine from rRNA. Development of an assay method involving reverse transcriptase,evaluation, detailed overview
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the flexibility of the alpha-helix is responsible for controlling the depurination activity of ricin and determining the extent of protein synthesis inhibition
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the enzyme binds specifically to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor
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the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
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isozyme SNAV, i.e. nigrin b, binds specifically to terminal GalNAc or to a lesser extent to Gal, while isozymes SNAI and SNAIf bind preferably to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor
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the enzyme inhibits the target cell protein synthesis and causes apoptosis, interaction of nigrin b with HeLa cells: binding to cell surface receptors, uptake by endocytosis and accumulation, intracellular localization in the Golgi apparatus and translocation via endoplamic reticulum into the cytosol, degradation and exocytosis, overview
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the Sambucus nigra agglutinins, including isozyme nigrin B, are non-cytotoxic type 2 RIPs, eventhough they shows high cell entry and enzyme activity rates, due to rapid degradation and excretion from the targeted cells, nigrin b causes gut derangement in mice at high doses
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the elderberry type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins SNA-I, SNA-V, and SNLRP are devoid of all rRNA N-glycosylase activity towards plant ribosomes, SNLRP possesses no sugar binding activity in contrast to SNA-I and SNA-V
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doses of more than 100 microg/ml SNA-I fed to pea aphids are toxic: LC50 = 374 microg/ml, doses of 100 and 50 microg/ml SNA-I reduce fecundity of pea aphids by about 70% and 43%, respectively, reduced survival and fecundity of adult tobacco aphids feeding on transgenic single SNA-I mutant tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN), not on double mutants that have no effect comparable to control plants that do not express SNA-I
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inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit-reticulocyte lysate, smaller effect on poly(U)-directed phenylalanine polymerisation by rat liver ribosomes and on protein synthesis by various cell lines
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damages eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond at A4324 of the 28 S rRNA
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acts on tRNA and tobacco mosaic virus RNA
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no activity towards various adenine-conating non-polynucleotide compounds like cytokinins, cofactors or nucleotides, releases adenine from hsDNA, hdpDNA, tRNA Phe-specific from Saccharomyces cervisiae, globin (alpha + beta) mRNA from rabbit reticulocyte, genomic RNA from bacteriophage MS 2, rRNA 16S and 23S from Escherichia coli, poly(A)- RNA from Bryonica dioica, genomic RNA from tobacco mosaic virus and artichoke mottled crinkle virus
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all saporins are very active on cell-free translation systems derived from rabbit reticulocyte lysates, rat liver, Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus and Vicia sativa, but poor inhibitors of Escherichia coli translations systems , they inhibit protein synthesis in HeLa, BeWo and NB100 cells
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saporin-S6 shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, saporin can cause apoptosis and acts as immunotoxin, overview
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the conjugate of the drug Rituximab with saporin-S6 completely inhibits clonogenic growth of CD20-expressing Raji cells, by inhibiting of protein synthesis, and produces a synergistic toxic effect with the drug Fludarabine, the enzyme is cytotoxic and immunotoxic, and causes e.g. apoptosis in cells of patiets treated with B-cell non-Hodgekin's lymphoma therapy, NHL
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isozyme saporin irreversibly damages eukaryotic ribosomes
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the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity and catalyzes the fragmentation of genomic DNA from human lymphoma cells, saporin-S6 shows no depurination activity with viral ribosomes from TMV, AMCV, or MS 2
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depurination of rRNA, N-glycosidase activity, oxidative and genotoxic action on butterfly third instar larvae Anticarsia gemmatalis (soybean caterpillar) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae
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depurination of the ribosomal sarcin-ricin tetraloop, GAGA, causing inhibition of protein synthesis and cellular death. Saporin-L1 shows robust activity against defined nucleic acid substrates and mammalian ribosomes, saporin-S6 shows low activity
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SAP catalyzes adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death
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depurination of the ribosomal sarcin-ricin tetraloop, GAGA
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SAP catalyzes adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis, substrate binding structure, overview
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the enzyme induces cytokinins, e.g. interleukin-8, the cytotoxic enzyme inhibits protein synthesis by inactivation of ribosomes in target cells, e.g. Caco-2 and Vero cells, the enzyme targets the cell surface of the target cell followed by endocytosis and transport to the endoplasmic reticulum where the active part is set free and translocated to the cytosol dependent on several factors, in the cytosol the toxin attacks its target
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the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, Shiga toxin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3
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the enzyme is a cytotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis and DNA lesions repair in human cells and causing apoptosis, in addition, the enzyme causes DNA lesions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, overview
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depurination of rRNA, N-glycosidase activity, oxidative and genotoxic action on butterfly third instar larvae Anticarsia gemmatalis (soybean caterpillar) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae
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the enzyme displays N-glycosidase activity causing specific rRNA depurination. It has antifungal and cytotoxic effects and inhibits cell growth, overview
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the enzyme displays N-glycosidase activity causing specific rRNA depurination. Purified RIPsc protein displays strong protein translation inhibitory activity
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the recombinant gelonin fusion protein inhibits protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate
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depurination of rRNA, N-glycosidase activity, oxidative and genotoxic action on butterfly third instar larvae Anticarsia gemmatalis (soybean caterpillar) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae
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trichosanthin is immunogenic and leads to IgE production in humans, Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers containing trichosanthin causes abortion, overview
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the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
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in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, enzyme inhibits protein synthesis with an IC50 of about 5 nM. Enzyme is cytotoxic to leukemia U937 and choriocarcinoma JAR cells
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depurination of specific adenine at sarcin-ricin loop of 28S rRNA, preventing the binding of elongation factors to the GTPase activation centre of the ribosome
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karasurin-A shows RNA N-glycosidase activity only towards eukaryotic ribosomes while pokeweed antiviral protein is active towards eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes, removal of specific adenine from alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of the large rRNA, substrate specificity (eukaryotic/prokaryotic) determined by C-terminus residues 209-225
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Trichosanthrip acts on 28S rRNA, and inhibits protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, overview
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the enzyme can depurinate hybrid ribosomes carrying P1-P2 heterodimer but not Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomes or 50 S coreribosomes
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the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity
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the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor
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the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, viscumin causes apoptosis
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ML-I is a sialic acid-specific lectin with strict preference to gangliosides and glycoproteins with terminal Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc residues, e.g. on human granulocytes or erythrocytes, structural features, overview
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in vitro synthesis of luciferase in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system is inhibited by enzyme A chain protein. Enzyme A chain as well as native enzyme inhibits the growth of MCF7/caspases-3 (+) cells. Key catalytic residues are Tyr76, Tyr115, Glu165, and Arg168
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bi- and triantennary complex N-glycan structures and cancer-related, custered single O-linked GalNAc-glycostructures are specifically bound by riproximin. Riproximin is specific for asialo-glycostructures
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the isozyme RIP1 has defense-related function in maize plants
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the isozyme RIP1 has defense-related function in maize plants
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the isozyme RIP1 has defense-related function in maize plants
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the isozyme RIP1 has defense-related function in maize plants
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the isozyme RIP2 has defense-related function in maize plants
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the isozyme RIP2 has defense-related function in maize plants
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isozyme RIP1 shows relatively low cytotoxic activity and ressembles type I RIPs concerning its substrate specificity
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isozyme RIP1 shows relatively low cytotoxic activity and ressembles type I RIPs concerning its substrate specificity
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isozyme RIP2 shows relatively low cytotoxic activity and ressembles type I RIPs concerning its substrate specificity
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isozyme RIP2 shows relatively low cytotoxic activity and ressembles type I RIPs concerning its substrate specificity
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ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIPs, are N-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of ribosomal RNA
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