3.1.21.5: type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.1.21.5
Reaction
endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates
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Synonyms
ATP-dependent type III restriction endonuclease, BceSI, BsaHI, cj0031, EC 3.1.23, EC 3.1.24, EcoP1, EcoP15, EcoP15I, EcoPI, HinFIII, LlaFI, MmyCI, More, NgoAXP, PhaBI, PspGI, PstII, R.EcoP15I, R.MmyCI, REase, restriction endonuclease PstII, restriction-modification system, StyLTI, type III DNA restriction/modification enzyme, type III R-M enzyme, type III R/M enzyme, type III RE, type III restriction endonuclease, type III restriction enzyme, type III restriction-modification enzyme, type III restriction-modification system, type III RM system, type III testriction-modification enzyme, type III-like restriction endonuclease
ECTree
General Information
General Information on EC 3.1.21.5 - type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease
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physiological function
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characterization of a type III-like restriction system present in clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains that prevents transformation with DNA from other bacterial species. Some methicillin-resistant strains are deficient in this restriction system, and thus are hypersusceptible to the horizontal transfer of DNA from other species, such as Escherichia coli, and could easily acquire a vancomycin-resistance gene from Enterococci, overview
physiological function
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DNA cleavage by the type III restriction-modification enzymes requires communication in 1D between two distant indirectly-repeated recognitions sites, resulting in non-specific dsDNA cleavage close to only one of the two sites. The cleavage site selection reflects the dynamics of the preceding stochastic enzyme events that are consistent with bidirectional motion in 1D and DNA cleavage following head-on protein collision. The type III REs exhibits site orientation selectivity
physiological function
dual role for phase variation of the enzyme as a limiter of phage spread and a regulator of a gene expression. The underlying mechanism of action for the alteration in gene expression is not known and does not appear to involve differential methylation of specific recognition sites by Cj0031. Phase variation of Cj0031, as detected during infections in chickens and mice, produces changes in expression of multiple genes that may lead to phenotypic variation and generation of highly differentiated variants with differing capabilities of adaptation to diverse niches
physiological function
Type III RM enzymes are bacterial defense systems that protect the host from invading foreign DNA by nucleolytically cleaving them at specific recognition sites
physiological function
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dual role for phase variation of the enzyme as a limiter of phage spread and a regulator of a gene expression. The underlying mechanism of action for the alteration in gene expression is not known and does not appear to involve differential methylation of specific recognition sites by Cj0031. Phase variation of Cj0031, as detected during infections in chickens and mice, produces changes in expression of multiple genes that may lead to phenotypic variation and generation of highly differentiated variants with differing capabilities of adaptation to diverse niches
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additional information
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several models for the mode of action of type III R/M enzymes, detailed overview. 1. Translocation, loop extrusion and collision model. 2. The end reversal model. 3. Transient looping and translocation model from atomic force spectroscopy
additional information
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sliding model for long-range communication on DNA by type III restriction enzymes, distribution of cleavage on head-to-head substrates with end bias, overview