2.1.1.28: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
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For detailed information about phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.1.1.28
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2.1.1.28
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catecholamine
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medulla
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hydroxylase
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adrenergic
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dopamine
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chromaffin
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beta-hydroxylase
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glucocorticoid
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sympathetic
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rostrally
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catecholaminergic
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noradrenergic
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innervation
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ventrolateral
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hypothalamic
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corticosterone
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catecholamine-synthesizing
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oblongata
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dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
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pnmt-immunoreactive
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perikarya
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tractus
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adrenomedullary
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proenkephalin
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dorsomedial
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sympathoadrenal
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intermediolateral
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alpha2-adrenoceptor
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1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
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coeruleus
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phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase
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postrema
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pnmt-ir
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medicine
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bulbospinal
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normetanephrine
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solitarii
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analysis
- 2.1.1.28
- catecholamine
- medulla
- hydroxylase
-
adrenergic
- dopamine
-
chromaffin
- beta-hydroxylase
- glucocorticoid
-
sympathetic
-
rostrally
-
catecholaminergic
-
noradrenergic
-
innervation
-
ventrolateral
- hypothalamic
- corticosterone
-
catecholamine-synthesizing
- oblongata
- dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
-
pnmt-immunoreactive
- perikarya
-
tractus
-
adrenomedullary
- proenkephalin
-
dorsomedial
-
sympathoadrenal
-
intermediolateral
-
alpha2-adrenoceptor
- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
-
coeruleus
-
phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase
-
postrema
-
pnmt-ir
- medicine
-
bulbospinal
- normetanephrine
-
solitarii
- analysis
Reaction
Synonyms
hPNMT, methyltransferase, noradrenaline N-, NMT, noradrenalin methyltransferase, noradrenalin N-methyltransferase, noradrenaline N-methyltransferase, norepinephrin N-methyltransferase, norepinephrine methyltransferase, norepinephrine N-methyltransferase, phenethanolamine methyltransferase, phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase, PNMT
ECTree
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Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 2.1.1.28 - phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
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additional information
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adrenal medulla has considerably more activity than the cortex
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phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels are 30fold increased by dexamethasone. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cpt-cAMP each exert negligible influence on baseline phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels. cAMP effectively blocks dexamethasone induction of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA.
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transient developmental burst in enzyme expression in the embryonic rat heart from E9.5 to E13.0
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pheochromocytomas are tumors of adrenal chromaffin cells. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels are markedly increased by glucocorticoid administration. Dexamethasone elicites approximately 800fold increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L cells and approximately 75fold increases for mouse pheochromocytoma 10/9CR1 cells. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cpt-cAMP alone each produce little or no change in baseline phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels. In both cell lines, dexamethasone-stimulated increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltranferase mRNA levels are reduced approximately 90% by prior tratment with cAMP. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduces dexamethasone effects on phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels by 40% in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L cells, while not supressing the dexamethasone response in mouse pheochromocytoma 10/9CRC1 cells. Pretreatment with cAMP and afterwards treatment with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor before additon of dexamethasone reduced phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression in mouse pheochromocytoma 862L and 10/9CRC1 cells to 0.1% and 5.5% of their corresponding DEX induced maxima.
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higher levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in stellate ganglia of mice compared with rats. There are differences in noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration in stellate ganglia between wild type and knock out mice under basal and under stress conditons. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA is present in stellate ganglia. There is an increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA levels in stellate ganglia of WT mice after exposure to single and also an increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA and protein levels after repeated immobilization compared with the unstressed control group. In corticotropin-releasing hormone knockout mice, no increase in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression and protein level occurs either after single or after repeated immobilization stress exposure.
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higher levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in stellate ganglia of mice compared with rats. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA is present in stellate ganglia. Immobilization stress increases the gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in stellate ganglia of rats, the highest levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA are immediatetly after and 3 h after the end of a stressful stimulus, while recovery to control levels occurs 6 h after the termination of immobilization. Immobilization repeated seven times further increases mRNA levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in stellate ganglia of rats. There is no change in phenylethanol N-methyltransferase protein levels in stellate ganglia after a single immobilization, but protein levels are increased after repeated immobilization stress exposure.
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PNMT activity is low in the resting phase and increases to the peak in the prespawning and spawning phases. Maintenance of the fish under long photoperiods and high temperature stimulates activity