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1.8.1.8: protein-disulfide reductase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about protein-disulfide reductase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 1.8.1.8

Reaction

protein-dithiol
+
NAD(P)+
=
protein-disulfide
+
NAD(P)H
+
H+

Synonyms

AhpF, disulfide reductase, EC 1.6.4.4, ERdj5, ERp16, glutaredoxin, HvTrxh2, insulin-glutathione transhydrogenase, LpdA, MA3736, MA_1658, MdrA, methanoredoxin, More, NAD(P)H:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, NADH-linked disulfide reductase, panthethine 4'4-diphosphate-specific reductase, PDI reductase, PDO, PfPDO, PH1130 protein, PhDsb, protein disulfide isomerase reductase, protein disulfide oxidoreductase, protein disulfide reductase, protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H), reductase, protein disulfide, thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, TON_0319, TTC0486, WhiB1, WhiB1/Rv3219

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors
             1.8.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
                1.8.1.8 protein-disulfide reductase

Disease

Disease on EC 1.8.1.8 - protein-disulfide reductase

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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Acidosis
CaMKII? Met281/282 oxidation is not required for recovery of calcium transients during acidosis.
Acidosis, Lactic
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease.
Alzheimer Disease
Alteration of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Anemia
Glutaredoxin 5 deficiency causes sideroblastic anemia by specifically impairing heme biosynthesis and depleting cytosolic iron in human erythroblasts.
The human counterpart of zebrafish shiraz shows sideroblastic-like microcytic anemia and iron overload.
Anemia, Hypochromic
Deficiency of glutaredoxin 5 reveals Fe-S clusters are required for vertebrate haem synthesis.
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Glutaredoxin 5 deficiency causes sideroblastic anemia by specifically impairing heme biosynthesis and depleting cytosolic iron in human erythroblasts.
Human iron-sulfur cluster assembly, cellular iron homeostasis, and disease.
Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and human disease.
Astrocytoma
Methylmercury alters glutathione homeostasis by inhibiting glutaredoxin 1 and enhancing glutathione biosynthesis in cultured human astrocytoma cells.
Atherosclerosis
Expression of glutaredoxin in human coronary arteries: its potential role in antioxidant protection against atherosclerosis.
Glutaredoxin 2a overexpression in macrophages promotes mitochondrial dysfunction but has little or no effect on atherogenesis in LDL-receptor null mice.
Inhibition of myeloid HDAC2 upregulates glutaredoxin 1 expression, improves protein thiol redox state and protects against high-calorie diet-induced monocyte dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Bacterial Infections
Deletion of glutaredoxin promotes oxidative tolerance and intracellular infection in Listeria monocytogenes.
Brain Injuries
Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2) deficiency exacerbates high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain injury: A mechanism involving GSK-3?.
Carcinogenesis
IL-1? maintains the redox balance by regulating glutaredoxin 1 expression during oral carcinogenesis.
Carcinoma
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes migration and invasion via the Notch signalling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Molecular basis of basal cell carcinoma: analysis of differential gene expression by differential display PCR and expression array.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Expression profiles of thioredoxin family proteins in human lung cancer tissue: correlation with proliferation and differentiation.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Molecular basis of basal cell carcinoma: analysis of differential gene expression by differential display PCR and expression array.
Cardiomegaly
Cardiac-specific ablation of glutaredoxin 3 leads to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Characterization of the human monothiol glutaredoxin 3 (PICOT) as iron-sulfur protein.
Human Glutaredoxin 3 Forms [2Fe-2S]-Bridged Complexes with Human BolA2.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiac damage and dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are ameliorated by Grx1.
From structure to redox: The diverse functional roles of disulfides and implications in disease.
Cataract
Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) gene deletion induces early onset of age-dependent cataracts in mice.
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in captive-bred Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) with cataracts.
Colonic Neoplasms
Protein S-glutathionylation induced by hypoxia increases hypoxia-inducible factor-1? in human colon cancer cells.
Deafness
Grxcr1 Promotes Hair Bundle Development by Destabilizing the Physical Interaction between Harmonin and Sans Usher Syndrome Proteins.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Glutaredoxin mediated redox effects of coenzyme Q10 treatment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients.
Plasma glutaredoxin activity in healthy subjects and patients with abnormal glucose levels or overt type 2 diabetes.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Glutaredoxin regulates nuclear factor kappa-B and intercellular adhesion molecule in Müller cells: model of diabetic retinopathy.
Ectromelia
Crystal structures of a poxviral glutaredoxin in the oxidized and reduced states show redox-correlated structural changes.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of an ectromelia virus glutaredoxin.
Encephalomyelitis
Iron-sulfur glutaredoxin 2 protects oligodendrocytes against damage induced by nitric oxide release from activated microglia.
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
Iron-sulfur glutaredoxin 2 protects oligodendrocytes against damage induced by nitric oxide release from activated microglia.
Fetal Growth Retardation
Decreased expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in placentae from pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
Friedreich Ataxia
Human iron-sulfur cluster assembly, cellular iron homeostasis, and disease.
Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and human disease.
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease.
Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems as Potential Targets for the Development of New Treatments in Friedreich's Ataxia.
Glioma
Redox Regulator GLRX Is Associated With Tumor Immunity in Glioma.
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Inhibition of Glutaredoxin 5 predisposes Cisplatin-resistant Head and Neck Cancer Cells to Ferroptosis.
Hearing Loss
Murine GRXCR1 Has a Different Function Than GRXCR2 in the Morphogenesis of Stereocilia.
Heart Failure
Cardiac-specific ablation of glutaredoxin 3 leads to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Hepatoblastoma
Redox Regulation Of Metabolic And Signaling Pathways By Thioredoxin And Glutaredoxin In Nitric Oxide Treated Hepatoblastoma Cells.
Redox regulation of metabolic and signaling pathways by thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in NOS-3 overexpressing hepatoblastoma cells.
Hyperglycemia
Glutaredoxin regulates nuclear factor kappa-B and intercellular adhesion molecule in Müller cells: model of diabetic retinopathy.
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease.
Hyperlipidemias
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a critical regulator of hepatic glucose production.
Hypersensitivity
Protein S-thiolation by Glutathionylspermidine (Gsp): the role of Escherichia coli Gsp synthetASE/amidase in redox regulation.
Hypertension
Pterostilbene improves cardiac function in a rat model of right heart failure through modulation of calcium handling proteins and oxidative stress.
Hypoglycemia
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a critical regulator of hepatic glucose production.
Infections
Binding of Host Cell Surface Protein Disulfide Isomerase by Anaplasma phagocytophilum Asp14 Enables Pathogen Infection.
Deletion of glutaredoxin promotes oxidative tolerance and intracellular infection in Listeria monocytogenes.
Host GRXC6 restricts Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection by inhibiting the nuclear export of the V2 protein.
Redox-Sensing Under Hypochlorite Stress and Infection Conditions by the Rrf2-Family Repressor HypR in Staphylococcus aureus.
Role of host protein glutaredoxin 3 in the control of transcription during bacteriophage Phi2954 infection.
Roles of vaccinia virus ribonucleotide reductase and glutaredoxin in DNA precursor biosynthesis.
Staphylococcus aureus Uses the Bacilliredoxin (BrxAB)/Bacillithiol Disulfide Reductase (YpdA) Redox Pathway to Defend Against Oxidative Stress Under Infections.
The glutaredoxin ATGRXS13 is required to facilitate Botrytis cinerea infection of Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
Thiol-based redox switches in the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.
Vaccinia virus G4L gene encodes a second glutaredoxin.
Insulin Resistance
Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2) deficiency exacerbates high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain injury: A mechanism involving GSK-3?.
Iron Deficiencies
Alteration of iron responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis glutaredoxin S17 loss of function plants with or without iron stress.
Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency.
Grx4 monothiol glutaredoxin is required for iron limitation-dependent inhibition of Fep1.
Ketosis
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a critical regulator of hepatic glucose production.
Leukemia
Differential expression of glutaredoxin and thioredoxin during monocytic differentiation.
Endometrial pinopode biomarkers: Molecules and microRNAs.
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Expression of glutaredoxin is highly cell specific in human lung and is decreased by transforming growth factor-beta in vitro and in interstitial lung diseases in vivo.
Lung Neoplasms
Expression profiles of thioredoxin family proteins in human lung cancer tissue: correlation with proliferation and differentiation.
[Proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells regulated by gultaredoxin 3].
Malaria
Targeting the intersubunit cavity of Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase by a novel natural inhibitor: Computational and experimental evidence.
Mitochondrial Diseases
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease.
Molluscum Contagiosum
Vaccinia virus G4L gene encodes a second glutaredoxin.
Motor Neuron Disease
Downregulation of glutaredoxin but not glutathione loss leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in female mice CNS: implications in excitotoxicity.
Multiple Sclerosis
Iron-sulfur glutaredoxin 2 protects oligodendrocytes against damage induced by nitric oxide release from activated microglia.
Muscular Diseases
Human iron-sulfur cluster assembly, cellular iron homeostasis, and disease.
Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and human disease.
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis from molecular understanding to clinical disease.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and metastasis via EGFR/Akt pathway and independent of ROS.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of PICOT in apoptosis.
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes migration and invasion via the Notch signalling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and metastasis via EGFR/Akt pathway and independent of ROS.
Neoplasms
Dynein light chain LC8 negatively regulates NF-kappaB through the redox-dependent interaction with IkappaBalpha.
Frenolicin B Targets Peroxiredoxin 1 and Glutaredoxin 3 to Trigger ROS/4E-BP1-Mediated Antitumor Effects.
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes migration and invasion via the Notch signalling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and metastasis via EGFR/Akt pathway and independent of ROS.
Glutathiolation regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis: key role for glutaredoxin in the death pathway.
Hallmarks of the cancer cell of origin: Comparisons with "energetic" cancer stem cells (e-CSCs).
Human Glutaredoxin 3 Forms [2Fe-2S]-Bridged Complexes with Human BolA2.
IL-1? maintains the redox balance by regulating glutaredoxin 1 expression during oral carcinogenesis.
Induction of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and glutaredoxin activity in mouse skin by TPA, a calcium ionophore and other tumor promoters.
Inhibition of Glutaredoxin 5 predisposes Cisplatin-resistant Head and Neck Cancer Cells to Ferroptosis.
Inhibition of glutathione-related enzymes augments LPS-mediated cytokine biosynthesis: involvement of an IkappaB/NF-kappaB-sensitive pathway in the alveolar epithelium.
Lack of microbicidal response in human macrophages infected with Parachlamydia acanthamoebae.
Nuclear glutaredoxin 3 is critical for protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Oxidative stress on mouse embryo development in vitro.
Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin.
Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Down-Regulation of Tumor Suppressor Genes PTEN, USP28, DRAM, TIGAR, and CYLD Under Oxidative Stress.
Redox regulation of metabolic and signaling pathways by thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in NOS-3 overexpressing hepatoblastoma cells.
Redox regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by glutaredoxin 5 and Ycp4.
Redox Regulator GLRX Is Associated With Tumor Immunity in Glioma.
Reversible glutathiolation of caspase-3 by glutaredoxin as a novel redox signaling mechanism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death.
Role of glutaredoxin in metabolic oxidative stress. Glutaredoxin as a sensor of oxidative stress mediated by H2O2.
The cytosolic isoform of glutaredoxin 2 promotes cell migration and invasion.
The thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system: novel redox targets for cancer therapy.
Tumor growth and disulfide reduction: possible dependence on protein-disulfide reductase.
[Regulation of disulfide reductase activity of normal and tumor cells]
Neuroblastoma
Glutaredoxin 1 is a major player in copper metabolism in neuroblastoma cells.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Knockdown of cytosolic glutaredoxin 1 leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential: implication in neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Iron-sulfur glutaredoxin 2 protects oligodendrocytes against damage induced by nitric oxide release from activated microglia.
MiR-132-3p promotes neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration by suppressing glutaredoxin expression.
Osteoarthritis
Glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis of chondrocytes by regulating CREB/HO-1 in osteoarthritis.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, redox-regulating proteins, in pancreatic cancer.
Parkinson Disease
Critical Roles of Glutaredoxin in Brain Cells-Implications for Parkinson's Disease.
From structure to redox: The diverse functional roles of disulfides and implications in disease.
Glutaredoxin 1 Protects Dopaminergic Cells by Increased Protein Glutathionylation in Experimental Parkinson's Disease.
Glutaredoxin deficiency exacerbates neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease.
Regulation of DJ-1 by glutaredoxin 1 in vivo - implications for Parkinson's disease.
The roles of redox enzymes in Parkinson's disease: Focus on glutaredoxin.
Pemphigus
Redox Enzymes of the Thioredoxin Family as Potential and Novel Markers in Pemphigus.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Elevated thioredoxin after angioplasty in peripheral arterial disease.
Pneumonia
Glutaredoxin 1 regulates cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation through differential modulation of I{kappa}B kinases in mice: impact on histone acetylation.
Pre-Eclampsia
Decreased expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in placentae from pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
Enhanced protein levels of protein thiol/disulphide oxidoreductases in placentae from pre-eclamptic subjects.
protein-disulfide reductase deficiency
Glutaredoxin deficiency exacerbates neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease.
Glutaredoxin deficiency promotes activation of the transforming growth factor beta pathway in airway epithelial cells, in association with fibrotic airway remodeling.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pterostilbene improves cardiac function in a rat model of right heart failure through modulation of calcium handling proteins and oxidative stress.
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Modulation of glutaredoxin in the lung and sputum of cigarette smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thiol proteins, redox modulation and parenchymal lung disease.
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Thiol proteins, redox modulation and parenchymal lung disease.
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Serum Glutaredoxin Activity as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.
Smallpox
Crystal structures of a poxviral glutaredoxin in the oxidized and reduced states show redox-correlated structural changes.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of an ectromelia virus glutaredoxin.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Glutaredoxin 3 promotes migration and invasion via the Notch signalling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Starvation
Fra2 is a co-regulator of Fep1 inhibition in response to iron starvation.
The monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD is essential for sensing iron starvation in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Tuberculosis
Characterization of a new member of the flavoprotein disulfide reductase family of enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB1/Rv3219 as a protein disulfide reductase.
Redox biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: protein-protein interaction between GlgB and WhiB1 involves exchange of thiol-disulfide.
Vaccinia
A glutaredoxin, encoded by the G4L gene of vaccinia virus, is essential for virion morphogenesis.
A viral member of the ERV1/ALR protein family participates in a cytoplasmic pathway of disulfide bond formation.
Crystal structures of a poxviral glutaredoxin in the oxidized and reduced states show redox-correlated structural changes.
Glutaredoxin homolog encoded by vaccinia virus is a virion-associated enzyme with thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of an ectromelia virus glutaredoxin.
Roles of vaccinia virus ribonucleotide reductase and glutaredoxin in DNA precursor biosynthesis.
Vaccinia virus G4L gene encodes a second glutaredoxin.
Vaccinia virus G4L glutaredoxin is an essential intermediate of a cytoplasmic disulfide bond pathway required for virion assembly.