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evolution
enzyme is placed within the clade of homologous proteins from elapid snakes, characterized by the conserved serine at position 223
evolution
the enzyme is evolutively close related to LAAOs from Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops atrox, and together with the LAAO from Bothrops pauloensis, they form a well-defined cluster of the Bothrops genus
physiological function
the antibacterial LAO isozymes may be involved in the innate immunity of the great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus skin
physiological function
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the enzyme induces in vitro platelet aggregation, which may be due to H2O2 production, the addition of catalase completely inhibits the aggregation effect. It also shows cytotoxicity towards several cancer cell lines: HL60, Jurkat, B16F10 and PC12 causing apoptosis. The cytotoxicity activity is abolished by catalase
physiological function
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Akbu-LAAO shows apparent anti-aggregation effects on human and rabbit platelets and exhibits a strong bacteriostasis effect on Staphylococcus aureus, 18fold that of cephalosporin C
physiological function
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serum LAO is involved in innate immunity in the rockfish body, it exhibits a broad antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria, most potently against Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.000078 mg/ml
physiological function
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the enzyme shows from strain C2 shows potent antibacterial activity against several methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, antibacterial spectrum, overview
physiological function
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toxophallin induces chromatin condensation, as well as DNA and nucleus fragmentation, which are typical for apoptosis. Toxophallin uses a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis induction
physiological function
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venom LAAO is very effective in inhibiting the two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with MICs of 0.000006 mM and 0.000012 mM, respetively. LAAO is only moderately effective against three Gram-negative bacteria tested, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, overview. Binding to bacteria is important for the potent antibacterial activity of the enzyme
physiological function
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IL41I inhibits bacterial growth. The antibiotic action of IL4I1 is mainly due to H2O2 and NH3 production whereas its L-amino acid oxidase activity does not sufficiently deplete the medium of Phe or Trp to inhibit bacterial growth
physiological function
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the enzyme acts against waterborne Gram-negative bacteria and functions locally as a humoral defense factor in Sebastes schlegeli skin and gills preventing pathogenic bacterial invasion
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects
physiological function
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the enzyme induces cytotoxicity on AGS cell line (gastric adenocarcinoma) and on MCF-7 cell line (breast adenocarcinoma). It presents antiparasitic activity on Leishmania brasiliensis, but Trypanosoma cruzi is resistant to this enzyme
physiological function
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the enzyme inhibits in a dose-dependent manner the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, however, against Escherichia coli the enzyme does not show inhibitory capacity and does not exhibit cytotoxic activity on the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and on peripheral blood mononuclear cell
physiological function
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the enzyme interacts with bacteria to cause membrane permeabilization. Reactive oxidative species accumulation triggers forms of cell damage, including lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage that results in bacterial growth inhibition
physiological function
a deaminase-deficient mutant is not viable
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
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the enzyme exhibits cytotoxic, bactericidal, leishmanicidal, and antiviral effects
physiological function
the enzyme inhibits the growth of bacteria (Staphylococci, Yersinia sp. Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) present in mucus
physiological function
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the enzyme is a nephrotoxic compound of Bothrops marajoensis venom
physiological function
the enzyme is an important effector of antibacterial defence in Atlantic cod
physiological function
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the enzyme presents antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
physiological function
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the enzyme shows a strong antiprotozoal effect against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi
physiological function
compared to wild-type mice, LAO1 KO mice exhibit impaired fear learning and memory function in a passive avoidance test, coinciding with significantly reduced hippocampal acetylcholine levels, while treatment with donepezil, a reversible acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, inhibits this reduction. Knocking out LAO1 affects amino acid metabolism (mainly of phenylalanine) in the hippocampus. Phenylalanine levels are elevated in LAO1 KO mice, while phenylpyruvic acid levels are reduced. Knocking out LAO1 decreases hippocampal mRNA levels of pyruvate kinase, which is inhibited by phenylalanine
physiological function
LAAO, in its native form, induces the ROS production in isolated human neutrophil and migration of cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p40phox, p47phox and p67phox to the membrane, and induces Rac, a GTPase protein member, with the involvement of intracellular signaling mediated by phospho protein kinase C-alpha
physiological function
transgenic tobacco overexpressing LAAO shows enhanced resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea and activates the expression of defense-related genes and the genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene biosynthesis accompanied by substantial accumulation of H2O2 in chloroplasts, cytosol around chloroplasts, and cell membranes of transgenic tobacco. The enzyme binds to chlorophyll a/b binding protein
physiological function
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transgenic tobacco overexpressing LAAO shows enhanced resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea and activates the expression of defense-related genes and the genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene biosynthesis accompanied by substantial accumulation of H2O2 in chloroplasts, cytosol around chloroplasts, and cell membranes of transgenic tobacco. The enzyme binds to chlorophyll a/b binding protein
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physiological function
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a deaminase-deficient mutant is not viable
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physiological function
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the enzyme interacts with bacteria to cause membrane permeabilization. Reactive oxidative species accumulation triggers forms of cell damage, including lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage that results in bacterial growth inhibition
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physiological function
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the enzyme shows from strain C2 shows potent antibacterial activity against several methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, antibacterial spectrum, overview
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additional information
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toxophallin is a highly cytotoxic protein, but differs distinctly from the other death cap toxic protein phallolysin. The interaction of toxophallin with target cells is not mediated by a specific cell surface receptor
additional information
crude recombinant LAAO enzyme displays strong antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens, particularly Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae. The antibacterial activity of recombinant LAAO is directly associated with H2O2 production, the crude enzyme can maintain a high level of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria from 4°C to 30°C
additional information
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crude recombinant LAAO enzyme displays strong antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens, particularly Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae. The antibacterial activity of recombinant LAAO is directly associated with H2O2 production, the crude enzyme can maintain a high level of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria from 4°C to 30°C
additional information
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enzyme blocks aggregation induced by collagen on washed blood platelets in a rather weak manner, it does not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP on platelet-rich plasma. The enzyme displays in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC/MBC of 0.39 microg/ml) and in vitro leishmanicidal action against Leishmania amazonensis and L. chagasi (IC50 values of 0.14 and 0.039 microg/ml, respectively). These activities are significantly reduced by catalase
additional information
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screening of L-amino acid oxidase activities in higher fungi using crude aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies of 22 basidiomycetes and 1 ascomycete. Half of these samples exhibit one to two bands of LAO activities with mostly broad substrate specificities and a variety of apparent molecular masses ranging from 25 to 200 kDa that are generally more active at pH 5.5 than at pH 8.0
additional information
the enzyme induces edema in mice, inhibits human platelet aggregation induced by ADP in a dose-dependent manner and shows antibacterial activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria