1.2.1.44: cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.2.1.44
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1.2.1.44
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lignin
-
cinnamyl
-
monolignols
-
phenylpropanoids
-
lignification
-
xylem
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caffeoyl-coa
-
p-coumaroyl-coa
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leucocephala
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ccoaomt
-
leucaena
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4-coumarate:coa
-
gunnii
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sinapoyl
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guaiacyl
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syringyl
-
cinnamyl-alcohol
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coniferaldehyde
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sinapoyl-coa
-
lignin-specific
-
sinapaldehyde
-
non-condensed
-
thioacidolysis
-
biotechnology
-
synthesis
-
industry
-
agriculture
- 1.2.1.44
- lignin
-
cinnamyl
- monolignols
-
phenylpropanoids
-
lignification
- xylem
- caffeoyl-coa
- p-coumaroyl-coa
- leucocephala
- ccoaomt
- leucaena
-
4-coumarate:coa
- gunnii
-
sinapoyl
-
guaiacyl
-
syringyl
-
cinnamyl-alcohol
- coniferaldehyde
- sinapoyl-coa
-
lignin-specific
- sinapaldehyde
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non-condensed
-
thioacidolysis
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- industry
- agriculture
Reaction
Synonyms
AtCCR1, BpCCR1, CCR, CCR1, CCR12, CCR14 isoform, CCR17, CCR19, CCR2, CCR2-1, CCR20, CCR21, CCR3, CCR7, CCRH1, cinnamoyl CoA reductase, cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1, cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-Co-enzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase2, cinnamoyl-CoA:NADPH reductase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase 1, FaCCR, feruloyl coenzyme A reductase, feruloyl-CoA reductase, ferulyl-CoA reductase, HcCCR1, HcCCR2, Ll-CCRH1, OsCCR1, p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase, Ph-CCR1, PtCCR, PtoCCR1, PtoCCR7, PvCCR1, PvCCR2, reductase, cinnamoyl coenzyme A, SbCCR1, SbCCR2-1, SbCCR2-2, Ta-CCR2, VcCCR
ECTree
1.2.1.44 cinnamoyl-CoA reductaseAdvanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 1.2.1.44 - cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
activity assay
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaroylaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
4-coumaroylaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferenced substrate
-
-
r
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
low activity
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
i.e. 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl-CoA
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
i.e. 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl-CoA
-
?
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH
caffeic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
poor substrate
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
preferred substrate for isoform CCR2
-
-
r
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
activity assay
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffeolylaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffeolylaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferenced substrate
-
-
r
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
caffeylaldehyde + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
low activity
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
catalyzes preferentially the formation of cinnamaldehyde
catalyzes preferentially the formation of cinnamaldehyde
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
preferred substrate for isoform CCR2
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
best substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
best substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
highly preferred substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
best substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
most favoured substrate
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
preferred substrate for isoform CCR1
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate for isozyme CCR1
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
highly specific for
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate of isoform CCR1
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
activity assay
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
best substrate, which indicates preferential biosynthesis of G-type lignin
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
ferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
enzyme of lignification
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
ferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
ferulic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
enzyme of lignification
-
?
p-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
p-coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
i.e. p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA, poor substrate
-
-
?
p-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
p-coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
i.e. p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA, poor substrate
-
?
p-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
p-coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
i.e. p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA, poor substrate
-
?
p-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
p-coumaric aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
p-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
p-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH
sinapic aldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
low activity
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
very low efficiency
-
-
r
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
preferred substrate of isoform CCR2-1
-
-
?
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
activity assay
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzymatic assays with aGST-FaCCR reaction containing a mixture of equal molar amounts of three substrates (caffeoyl-, 4-coumaroyl-, and feruloyl-CoA), yield three major peaks that are identified as caffeic aldehyde (3,4-dihydroxycinnamaldehyde), 4-coumaraldehyde, and coniferaldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzymatic assays with aGST-FaCCR reaction containing a mixture of equal molar amounts of three substrates (caffeoyl-, 4-coumaroyl-, and feruloyl-CoA), yield three major peaks that are identified as caffeic aldehyde (3,4-dihydroxycinnamaldehyde), 4-coumaraldehyde, and coniferaldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme CCR1 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isozyme CCR1 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme CCR2 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isozyme CCR2 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
based on its properties and expression pattern, PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development and is therefore a target for the engineering of improved biomass, whereas PvCCR2 may function in defense
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
based on its properties and expression pattern, PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development and is therefore a target for the engineering of improved biomass, whereas PvCCR2 may function in defense
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
based on its properties and expression pattern, PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development and is therefore a target for the engineering of improved biomass, whereas PvCCR2 may function in defense
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PvCCR1 is probably associated with lignin biosynthesis during plant development
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ph-CCR1 is most active with feruloyl-CoA, followed by sinapoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA (relative to feruloyl-CoA, 65.4 and 21.6% activity, respectively), and only sparingly active with caffeoyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA (below 1% activity). Ph-CCR1 exhibits the greatest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with feruloyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Ph-CCR1 is most active with feruloyl-CoA, followed by sinapoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA (relative to feruloyl-CoA, 65.4 and 21.6% activity, respectively), and only sparingly active with caffeoyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA (below 1% activity). Ph-CCR1 exhibits the greatest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with feruloyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CCR converts hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes in the presence of NADPH
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isozyme PtoCCR1 exhibits specificity for feruloyl-CoA, with no detectable activity for any other hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters. Substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isozyme PtoCCR1 exhibits specificity for feruloyl-CoA, with no detectable activity for any other hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters. Substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme PtoCCR1 exhibits specificity for feruloyl-CoA, with no detectable activity for any other hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters. Substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with sinapoyl-CoA by chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview. A132 in CCR7 combined with the catalytic triad might comprisethe catalytic center. In CCR7, L192, F155, and H208 are the substrate-binding sites
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview. A132 in CCR7 combined with the catalytic triad might comprisethe catalytic center. In CCR7, L192, F155, and H208 are the substrate-binding sites
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, active site, molecular docking and modeling, overview. A132 in CCR7 combined with the catalytic triad might comprisethe catalytic center. In CCR7, L192, F155, and H208 are the substrate-binding sites
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the substrates of CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA esters, are products of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12), which is an enzyme upstream of CCR. Recombinant Pt4CL can catalyze the conversion of hydroxycinnamic acids to cinnamoyl-CoA esters, with high efficiency
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
although SbCCR1 displays higher affinity for caffeoyl-CoA or 4-coumaroyl-CoA than for feruloyl-CoA, the enzyme shows significantly higher activity for the latter substrate. Substrate specificity, molecular docking, overview. Thr154 of SbCCR1 and other CCRs likely confers strong substrate specificity for feruloyl-CoA over other cinnamoyl-CoA thioesters
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-
?
