1.19.6.1: nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about nitrogenase (flavodoxin), go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.19.6.1
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1.19.6.1
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azotobacter
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vinelandii
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mgadp
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mofe-protein
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molybdenum-iron
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nifu
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rhodospirillum
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dinitrogenase
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femo-cofactor
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pasteurianum
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mgadp-bound
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bacteriochlorophyll
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nucleotide-bound
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nitrogenases
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dark-operative
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nucleotide-induced
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protochlorophyllide
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agriculture
- 1.19.6.1
- azotobacter
- vinelandii
- mgadp
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mofe-protein
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molybdenum-iron
- nifu
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rhodospirillum
- dinitrogenase
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femo-cofactor
- pasteurianum
-
mgadp-bound
- bacteriochlorophyll
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nucleotide-bound
- nitrogenases
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dark-operative
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nucleotide-induced
- protochlorophyllide
- agriculture
Reaction
4 reduced flavodoxin + 2 H+ + + 16 ATP + 16 H2O = 4 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH4+ + + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate
Synonyms
FeP, FldA, NifF, nitrogenase, nitrogenase Fe protein, nitrogenase Fe-protein
ECTree
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Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 1.19.6.1 - nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
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REACTION DIAGRAM
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
reduced flavodoxin + H+ + acetylene + ATP
oxidized flavodoxin + ethylene + ADP + phosphate
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?
reduced flavodoxin + N2 + ATP + H2O
oxidized flavodoxin + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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?
reduced flavodoxin II + N2 + ATP + H2O
oxidized flavodoxin II + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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-
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?
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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-
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin is not essential but required for maximum in vivo nitrogenase activity
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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enzyme consists of 2 metalloproteins, Fe protein and MoFe protein, which are assumed to associate and dissociate to transfer a single electron to the substrates, termed Fe protein cycle, driven by MgATP hydrolysis, with the dissociation of the Fe protein-MoFe protein complex being the rate-limiting step of the cycle
i.e. flavodoxin semiquinone
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin reduces the Fe protein of the enzyme
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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slow enzyme
i.e. flavodoxin semiquinone
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin is encoded by nifF gene, pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase by nifJ gene
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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intermediate is a flavodoxin hydroquinone
i.e. flavodoxin semiquinone
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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enzyme consists of 2 metalloproteins, Fe protein and MoFe protein, which are assumed to associate and dissociate to transfer a single electron to the substrates, termed Fe protein cycle, driven by MgATP hydrolysis, with the dissociation of the Fe protein-MoFe protein complex being the rate limiting step of the cycle
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-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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analysis of active sites for N2 and H+ reduction on FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase
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-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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-
-
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin is not essential but required for maximum in vivo nitrogenase activity
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin reduces the Fe protein of the enzyme
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
-
flavodoxin is encoded by nifF gene, pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase by nifJ gene
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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-
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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-
-
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
-
-
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin reduces the Fe protein of the enzyme
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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highly specific for flavodoxin as electron donor
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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slow enzyme
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
-
flavodoxin is encoded by nifF gene, pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase by nifJ gene
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
-
flavodoxin is encoded by nifF gene, pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase by nifJ gene
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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ferredoxin is the immediate electron carrier to nitrogenase in all nitrogen-fixing organisms with the exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and possibly Azotobacter species, where only flavodoxin, not ferredoxin is effective in coupling electron flow to nitrogenase
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?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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anaerobic conditions are required by the enzyme
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-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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-
-
-
?
6 reduced flavodoxin + N2 + 6 H2O + 6 ATP
6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + 6 H+ + 6 ADP + 6 phosphate
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flavodoxin is encoded by nifF gene, pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase by nifJ gene
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?
NH3
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diazene is a substrate for the wild-type nitrogenase and is reduced to NH3, cofactor binding structure and kinetic mechanism, overview
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?
N2H2 + H+
NH3
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diazene is a substrate for the wild-type nitrogenase and is reduced to NH3, cofactor binding structure and kinetic mechanism, overview
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?
oxidized ferredoxin + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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?
reduced ferredoxin + H+ + N2 + ATP
oxidized ferredoxin + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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nitrogenase catalyzes the sequential addition of six electrons and six protons to a N2 that is bound to the active site metal cluster FeMo-cofactor, yielding two ammonia molecules
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?
reduced ferredoxin + H+ + N2 + ATP
oxidized ferredoxin + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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?
reduced ferredoxin + H+ + N2 + ATP
oxidized ferredoxin + H2 + NH3 + ADP + phosphate
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nitrogenase catalyzes the sequential addition of six electrons and six protons to a N2 that is bound to the active site metal cluster FeMo-cofactor, yielding two ammonia molecules
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?
?
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dithionite can serve as reductant in vitro
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?
additional information
?
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nitrogenase catalyzes the biological reduction of N2 to ammonia as well as the two-electron reduction of the nonphysiological alkyne substrate, alkyne substrate interaction within the nitrogenase MoFe protein, overview, the addition of neither 2-butyne-1-ol nor 2-butyne-1,4-diol to the growth medium has any effect on the capacity of wild-type Azotobacter vinelandii to sustain diazotrophic growth
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?
additional information
?
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diazene is a substrate for the wild-type nitrogenase and is reduced to NH3, hydrazine in reduced in absence of H2. Diazene joins the normal N2-reduction pathway, and diazene- and hydrazine-trapped turnover states represent the same intermediate in the normal reduction of N2 by nitrogenase, implications for the N2 reductionmechanism, overview
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?
additional information
?
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substrate specificity of wild-type and mutant enzymes, reduction reactions using acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, propargyl alcohol, 2-butyne-1-ol, and 2-butyne-1,4-diol as substrates, overview
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?
additional information
?
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diazene is a substrate for the wild-type nitrogenase and is reduced to NH3, hydrazine in reduced in absence of H2. Diazene joins the normal N2-reduction pathway, and diazene- and hydrazine-trapped turnover states represent the same intermediate in the normal reduction of N2 by nitrogenase, implications for the N2 reductionmechanism, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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nitrogenase catalyzes the biological reduction of N2 to ammonia as well as the two-electron reduction of the nonphysiological alkyne substrate, alkyne substrate interaction within the nitrogenase MoFe protein, overview, the addition of neither 2-butyne-1-ol nor 2-butyne-1,4-diol to the growth medium has any effect on the capacity of wild-type Azotobacter vinelandii to sustain diazotrophic growth
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-
?
additional information
?
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substrate specificity of wild-type and mutant enzymes, reduction reactions using acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, propargyl alcohol, 2-butyne-1-ol, and 2-butyne-1,4-diol as substrates, overview
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?
additional information
?
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sodium dithionite and reduced methyl viologen can in vitro reduce the flavodoxin and the enzyme directly
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additional information
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see EC 1.18.6.1, from the literature for the enzymes EC 1.19.6.1 and EC 1.18.6.1 it is not obvious whether they are in fact to different enzymes
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additional information
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both nifI1 and nifI2 are required for regulation in vivo
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme performs acetylene reduction
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?