1.17.4.1: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.17.4.1
-
1.17.4.1
-
deoxyribonucleotides
-
hydroxyurea
-
tyrosyl
-
reductases
-
chlamydia
-
trachomatis
-
deoxynucleotides
-
proton-coupled
-
diiron
-
deoxycytidine
-
diferric
-
thiyl
-
dntps
-
dcdp
-
thiosemicarbazone
-
diferric-tyrosyl
-
nrdabs
-
hydroxyurea-resistant
-
medicine
-
nrdef
-
heterodinuclear
-
drug development
-
antiferromagnetically
-
pharmacology
-
molecular biology
- 1.17.4.1
- deoxyribonucleotides
- hydroxyurea
-
tyrosyl
- reductases
- chlamydia
- trachomatis
-
deoxynucleotides
-
proton-coupled
-
diiron
- deoxycytidine
-
diferric
-
thiyl
- dntps
- dcdp
- thiosemicarbazone
-
diferric-tyrosyl
-
nrdabs
-
hydroxyurea-resistant
- medicine
-
nrdef
-
heterodinuclear
- drug development
-
antiferromagnetically
- pharmacology
- molecular biology
Reaction
Synonyms
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase, ADP reductase, CDP reductase, class I ribonucleotide reductase, class I ribonulceotide reductase, class I RNR, class I RR, class Ia ribonucleotide reductase, class Ia RNR, class Ia RR, class Ib ribonucleotide reductase, class Ib RNR, class Ic ribonucleotide reductase, class II RNR, manganese-ribonucleotide reductase, Mn-RNR, More, mRR, NrdA, NrdB, NrdE, NrdF, nucleoside diphosphate reductase, p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase, R2F, reductase, ribonucleoside diphosphate, ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase, ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B, ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase, ribonucleotide reductase, RIR1, RIR2, RNR, RNR1 rRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large chain 1, RNR2, UDP reductase
ECTree
1.17.4.1 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductaseAdvanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 1.17.4.1 - ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2'-methyladenosine 5'-diphosphate + reduced dithiothreitol
adenine + 2'-deoxy-2'-methyladenosine + H2O
-
-
5% reduction to 2'-deoxy-2'-methyladenosine, adenine is the major product besides other unidentified products
?
2'-methyluridine 5'-diphosphate + reduced dithiothreitol
uracil + H2O + ?
-
-
uracil is the major product, unidentified minor product may be 2'-deoxy-2'-methyluridine
?
2,6-diaminopurineriboside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-2,6-diaminopurineriboside diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
2-aminopurineriboside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-2-aminopurineriboside diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
8-vinyl-ADP + reduced thioredoxin
8-vinyl-2'-deoxy-ADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
ADP + dithiothreitol
2'-dADP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
?
ADP + reduced dithiothreitol
2'-dADP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
ADP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-ADP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
benzimidazoleriboside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxybenzimidazolriboside diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + reduced dithiothreitol
dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
CDP + reduced glutaredoxin 1
dCDP + oxidized glutaredoxin 1 + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
CDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-CDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
GDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-GDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
GDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-dGDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
GDP + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyGDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin disulfide + H2O
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
purineriboside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxypurineriboside diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonuleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced glutaredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized glutaredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced glutaredoxin 1
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized glutaredoxin 1 + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
tubercidin diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxytubercidin diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
14% of GDP reduction rate
-
?
ADP + thioredoxin
2'-dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
ADP + thioredoxin
2'-dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
the enzyme converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, a reaction that is essential for DNA biosynthesis and repair
-
-
?
ADP + thioredoxin
2'-dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + reduced dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
CDP + reduced dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
CDP + reduced dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + reduced dithiothreitol
2'-dCDP + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
the enzyme converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, a reaction that is essential for DNA biosynthesis and repair
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
kinetics of hydrogen atom abstraction from substrate by an active site thiyl radical in ribonucleotide reductase
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
for ATP-bound enzyme CDP is the favored substrate
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
CDP is the favored substrate. However, the kcat/Km values for ADP, GDP, and UDP are within 100-fold of the value for CDP
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
coupled assay method with NADPH, transient spectrometric measurement of Y356 radical intermediate, Y356 radical initiation is prompted by excitation of a proximal anthraquinone or benzophenone chromophore on a 20-mer peptide Y-R2C19, bound to subunit alpha2, both the Anq and BPA-containing peptides are competent in deoxycytidine diphosphate formation and turnover occurs via Y731 to Y730 to C439 pathway-dependent radical transport in R1, overview. Peptide Y-R2C19 is identical to the C-terminal peptide tail of the R2 subunit and is a known competitive inhibitor of binding of the native R2 protein to R1
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin A
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin A disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin YosR
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin YosR disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
CDP + thioredoxin YosR
2'-dCDP + thioredoxin YosR disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
dCDP + DTT disulfide + H2O
CDP + DTT
-
in the assays for the Fe- and Mn-loaded recombinant NrdF, a 10fold excess of recombinant NrdE is used, CDP is the substrate, ATP or dATP is the effector, and DTT is the reductant
-
-
r
dCDP + DTT disulfide + H2O
CDP + DTT
-
in the assays for the Fe- and Mn-loaded recombinant NrdF, a 10fold excess of recombinant NrdE is used, CDP is the substrate, ATP or dATP is the effector, and DTT is the reductant
-
-
r
GDP + thioredoxin
2'-dGDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class Ia RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class Ia RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin disulfide + H2O
-
only class Ib RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin disulfide + H2O
-
only class Ib RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + NrdH-redoxin disulfide + H2O
-
only class Ib RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I and class II RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class Ia RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I and class II RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I and class II RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I and class II RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class Ia RNRs
-
-
?
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
class I and class II RNRs
-
-
?
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonuleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonuleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
at the completion of each turnover cycle, the active site of R1 becomes oxidized and subsequently regenerates by a cysteine pair at its C-terminal domain R1-CTD, that acts in trans to reduce the active site of its neighboring monomer, R1-CTD interacts with the N-terminal domain of R1, R1-NTD, which involves a conserved two-residue sequence motif in the R1-NTD, overview
-
-
?
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonuleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonuleoside 5'-diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
the essential enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP production for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
NrdH-redoxin obtained from an overproducing strain, no activity with E. coli thioredoxin
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
possible role in HSV-2-induced transformation
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Herpes simplex virus
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
CDP, ADP and GDP are reduced very poorly in the absence of allosteric effectors
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
CDP is the only substrate that is reduced with a significant activity even in the absence of allosteric effectors
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
critical and rate-controlling step in pathway leading to DNA synthesis and cell replication
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
thioredoxin is the physiological reductant
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
maximal activity with E. coli thioredoxin
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
dithiothreitol serves as in vitro electron donor, maximal activity with 40 mM
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
in the presence of in vivo concentrations of effectors and all 4 substrates 43% dCDP, 14% dUDP, 31% dADP and 12% dGDP are formed
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
dithiothreitol at higher concentrations i.e. 100 mM can partially substitute for reduced T4 thioredoxin, the rate of CDP reduction is 10% of that obtained with the complete system
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequintavirus T5
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequintavirus T5
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
high concentration of dithiothreitol serves as in vitro hydrogen donor, thioredoxin B of Scenedesmus obliqus and yeast thioredoxin are most effective donors
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
thioredoxin is the physiological reductant
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
enzyme catalyzes the first unique step in DNA synthesis
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
dithiothreitol serves as in vitro electron donor, maximal activity with 50-75 mM
-
ir
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
the catalytic reaction in class I RNR involves a long-range electron transfer, coupled to proton transfer, between the substrate binding site in protein R1 and the iron/radical site in protein R2
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyses the rate-limiting step of DNA synthesis in the pathogen
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
classical pathway via tyrosyl radical
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
the enzyme catalyses the rate-limiting step of DNA synthesis in the pathogen
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
classical pathway via tyrosyl radical
-
-
?
ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
UDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-UDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
UDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-UDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
UDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-UDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
-
-
-
ir
UDP + reduced thioredoxin
2'-deoxy-UDP + oxidized thioredoxin + H2O
Tequatrovirus T4
-
-
-
-
?
UDP + thioredoxin
2'-dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
UDP + thioredoxin
2'-dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
the enzyme converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, a reaction that is essential for DNA biosynthesis and repair
-
-
?
UDP + thioredoxin
2'-dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
RNR is an essential enzyme that provides dNTPs for DNA replication and repair, regulation in response to genotoxic stress, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
RNR is an essential enzyme that provides dNTPs for DNA replication and repair, regulation in response to genotoxic stress, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
RNR is an essential enzyme that provides dNTPs for DNA replication and repair, regulation in response to genotoxic stress, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the presence of rNrdE, ATP, and CDP, Mn(III)2-Y* and Fe(III)2-Y* rNrdF generate dCDP at rates of 132 and 10 nmol min/mg, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Bacillus subtilis ribonucleotide reductase can be assayed as a holo-enzyme by using equivalent amounts of each subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the presence of rNrdE, ATP, and CDP, Mn(III)2-Y* and Fe(III)2-Y* rNrdF generate dCDP at rates of 132 and 10 nmol min/mg, respectively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Bacillus subtilis ribonucleotide reductase can be assayed as a holo-enzyme by using equivalent amounts of each subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is CDP, R2 is the catalytic subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the RNR reaction involves replacement by hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the 2'-carbon of the nucleoside diphosphate substrate. This chemically difficult replacement occurs by a free-radical mechanism. The enzyme employs a heterobinuclear MnIV/FeIII cluster for radical initiation. In essence, the MnIV ion of the cluster functionally replaces the Y radical of the conventional class I RNR. The Ct beta2 protein also autoactivates by reaction of its reduced MnII/FeII metal cluster with O2. In this reaction, an unprecedented MnIV/FeIV intermediate accumulates almost stoichiometrically and decays by one-electron reduction of the FeIV site. This reduction is mediated by the near-surface residue, Y222, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the RNR reaction involves replacement by hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the 2'-carbon of the nucleoside diphosphate substrate. This chemically difficult replacement occurs by a free-radical mechanism. The enzyme employs a heterobinuclear MnIV/FeIII cluster for radical initiation. In essence, the MnIV ion of the cluster functionally replaces the Y radical of the conventional class I RNR. The Ct beta2 protein also autoactivates by reaction of its reduced MnII/FeII metal cluster with O2. In this reaction, an unprecedented MnIV/FeIV intermediate accumulates almost stoichiometrically and decays by one-electron reduction of the FeIV site. This reduction is mediated by the near-surface residue, Y222, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalysis by a class I RNR begins when a cysteine residue in the alpha2 subunit is oxidized to a thiyl radical by a cofactor about 35 A away in the beta2 subunit. In a class Ia or Ib RNR, a stable tyrosyl radical is the C oxidant, whereas a MnIV/FeIII cluster serves this function in the class Ic enzyme from Chlamydia trachomatis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribonucleotide reduction is the unique step in DNA-precursor biosynthesis and involves radical-dependent redox chemistry and diverse metallo-cofactors, overview. The Mn-RNR from the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, strain ATCC 6872, belongs a distinct RNR class IV enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
each catalytic turnover by aerobic ribonucleotide reductase requires the assembly of the two proteins, R1 (alpha2) and R2 (beta2), to produce deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the Sml1-R1 interaction causes SML1-dependent lethality, the CX2C motif of Rnr1 Is essential for viability. overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mechanism of radical transport in the R1 subunit of the class I enzyme, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
peroxo-type intermediates occur in the non-heme di-iron enzyme class Ia ribonucleotide reductase. Water or a proton can bind to the di-iron site of ribonucleotide reductase and facilitate changes that affect the electronic structure of the iron sites and activate the site for further reaction. Two potential reaction pathways, spectroscopic and computational analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Electron transfer to and from the tyrosyl radical, at Y122, in RNR is coupled to a conformational change in the beta2 subunit, vibrational spectroscopy analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the RNR reaction involves replacement by hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the 2'-carbon of the nucleoside diphosphate substrate. This chemically difficult replacement occurs by a free-radical mechanism. The enzyme employs a heterobinuclear MnIV/FeIII cluster for radical initiation. In essence, the MnIV ion of the cluster functionally replaces the Y radical of the conventional class I RNR. The Ct beta2 protein also autoactivates by reaction of its reduced MnII/FeII metal cluster with O2. In this reaction, an unprecedented MnIV/FeIV intermediate accumulates almost stoichiometrically and decays by one-electron reduction of the FeIV site. This reduction is mediated by the near-surface residue, Y222, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
class Ia and Ib RNRs convert nucleoside diphosphates into 2'-deoxynucleoside diphosphates using glutaredoxin or thioredoxin as cofactor. Class II RNRs catalyze the same reaction but also convert nucleoside triphosphates to the correspondent 2'deoxy products, EC 1.17.4.2, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of nucleoside 5'-diphosphates, NDPs, to deoxynucleotides, dNDPs. The active site for NDP reduction resides in the alpha2 subunit, and the essential diferric-tyrosyl radical, Y122 radical, cofactor that initiates transfer of the radical to the active site cysteine in R2 (C439), 35A ° removed, is located in subunit beta2. The oxidation involves a hopping mechanism through aromatic amino acids, Y122, W48, and Y356 in subunit beta2 to Y731, Y730, and C439 in subunit alpha2, and a reversible proton-coupled electron transfer
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
active-site structure and active-site model clusters, overview. Electron transfers and kinetic control, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the class I RNRs, a tyrosine radical is generated in the beta2 subunit, a di-ironoxo enzyme. In class II a tyrosine radical is generated directly on alpha or alpha2 by cleavage of adenosylcobalamin. In both cases, the radical is channeled to a cysteine in the active site of the alpha subunit to initiate catalysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is CDP with ATP as effector, detection of NH2Y radical intermediates capable of dNDP formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the class I RNR active-site disulfide bridge between Cys225 and Cys462 must be reduced for a complete turnover. The electron required for this reduction is provided by a redox network, which involves a cysteine pair at the C-terminus of the R1 subunit, the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin system, and NADPH. For in vitro experiments, the disulfide bridge can be reduced by small thiol compounds such as DTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
human p53R2 is a 351-residue p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, hp53R2 supplies dNTPs for DNA repair to cells in G0-G1 in a p53-dependent fashion, rather than exhibiting cyclic dNTP synthesis. Hp53R2 structure-function relationship determination and analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CDP as substrate resulting information of product dCDP
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
class Ia RNRs convert nucleoside diphosphates into 2'-deoxynucleoside diphosphates using glutaredoxin or thioredoxin as cofactor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the class I RNR active-site disulfide bridge between Cys225 and Cys462 must be reduced for a complete turnover. The electron required for this reduction is provided by a redox network, which involves a cysteine pair at the C-terminus of the R1 subunit, the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin system, and NADPH. For in vitro experiments, the disulfide bridge can be reduced by small thiol compounds such as DTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of all four ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides, the R2 subunit contains a di-iron site, which generates a free radical by the reductive cleavage of molecular oxygen. The free radical is subsequently transferred to the R1 subunit, activating the nucleotide substrate for catalysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
class Ia and Ib RNRs convert nucleoside diphosphates into 2'-deoxynucleoside diphosphates using glutaredoxin or thioredoxin as cofactor. Class II RNRs catalyze the same reaction but also convert nucleoside triphosphates to the correspondent 2'deoxy products, EC 1.17.4.2, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the class I RNR active-site disulfide bridge between Cys225 and Cys462 must be reduced for a complete turnover. The electron required for this reduction is provided by a redox network, which involves a cysteine pair at the C-terminus of the R1 subunit, the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin system, and NADPH. For in vitro experiments, the disulfide bridge can be reduced by small thiol compounds such as DTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate activity for L-ribofuranosyl-adenine 5'-diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
class Ia and Ib RNRs convert nucleoside diphosphates into 2'-deoxynucleoside diphosphates using glutaredoxin or thioredoxin as cofactor. Class II RNRs catalyze the same reaction but also convert nucleoside triphosphates to the correspondent 2'deoxy products, EC 1.17.4.2, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the class I RNR active-site disulfide bridge between Cys225 and Cys462 must be reduced for a complete turnover. The electron required for this reduction is provided by a redox network, which involves a cysteine pair at the C-terminus of the R1 subunit, the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin system, and NADPH. For in vitro experiments, the disulfide bridge can be reduced by small thiol compounds such as DTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the class I RNRs, a tyrosine radical is generated in the beta2 subunit, a di-ironoxo enzyme. In class II a tyrosine radical is generated directly on alpha or alpha2 by cleavage of adenosylcobalamin. In both cases, the radical is channeled to a cysteine in the active site of the alpha subunit to initiate catalysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DNA damage checkpoints modulate RNR activity through the temporal and spatial regulation of its subunits
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
under normal conditions, the cell assembles stoichiometric amounts of tyrosyl radicals essential for enzyme activity per betabeta subunit dimer. Modulation of tyrosyl radical concentration is not involved in regulation of enzyme activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
class Ia RNRs convert nucleoside diphosphates into 2'-deoxynucleoside diphosphates using glutaredoxin or thioredoxin as cofactor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
C-terminus of one monomeric R1 subunit acts in trans to regenerate the active site of its neighboring monomer. The class I RNR active-site disulfide bridge between Cys225 and Cys462 must be reduced for a complete turnover. The electron required for this reduction is provided by a redox network, which involves a cysteine pair at the C-terminus of the R1 subunit, the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin system, and NADPH. For in vitro experiments, the disulfide bridge can be reduced by small thiol compounds such as DTT
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the class I RNRs, a tyrosine radical is generated in the beta2 subunit, a di-ironoxo enzyme. In class II a tyrosine radical is generated directly on alpha or alpha2 by cleavage of adenosylcobalamin. In both cases, the radical is channeled to a cysteine in the active site of the alpha subunit to initiate catalysis
-
-
?
