1.17.3.2: xanthine oxidase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about xanthine oxidase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.17.3.2
-
1.17.3.2
-
allopurinol
-
uric
-
dismutase
-
catalase
-
sod
-
xx
-
endothelial
-
malondialdehyde
-
hyperuricemia
-
reperfusion
-
gout
-
ischemia
-
purine
-
artery
-
karyotype
-
turner
-
myocardial
-
gsh
-
pulmonary
-
myeloperoxidase
-
ischemia-reperfusion
-
gonad
-
hermaphrodite
-
oxypurinol
-
thiobarbituric
-
urate
-
spin
-
tbars
-
chemiluminescence
-
dysgenesis
-
molybdenum
-
gsh-px
-
sex-determining
-
caffeine
-
x-chromosome
-
oxygen-derived
-
tungsten
-
acid-reactive
-
masculinization
-
fenton
-
sex-reversed
-
hypouricemic
-
monosomy
-
feminization
-
drug development
-
diagnostics
-
urate-lowering
-
synthesis
-
self-fertilizing
-
biotechnology
-
medicine
-
radical-generating
-
cyp2a6
-
oxidase-derived
-
pharmacology
-
nondisjunction
- 1.17.3.2
- allopurinol
-
uric
- dismutase
- catalase
- sod
- xx
- endothelial
- malondialdehyde
-
hyperuricemia
-
reperfusion
- gout
- ischemia
- purine
- artery
- karyotype
-
turner
- myocardial
- gsh
- pulmonary
- myeloperoxidase
-
ischemia-reperfusion
- gonad
-
hermaphrodite
- oxypurinol
-
thiobarbituric
- urate
-
spin
-
tbars
-
chemiluminescence
- dysgenesis
- molybdenum
- gsh-px
-
sex-determining
- caffeine
-
x-chromosome
-
oxygen-derived
- tungsten
-
acid-reactive
-
masculinization
-
fenton
-
sex-reversed
-
hypouricemic
-
monosomy
-
feminization
- drug development
- diagnostics
-
urate-lowering
- synthesis
-
self-fertilizing
- biotechnology
- medicine
-
radical-generating
- cyp2a6
-
oxidase-derived
- pharmacology
-
nondisjunction
Reaction
Synonyms
AXOR, EC 1.1.3.22, EC 1.2.3.2, EC 1.2.3.2., hypoxanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase, More, oxidase, xanthine, Schardinger enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, xanthine oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, xanthine: oxygen oxidoreductase, xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase, xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase, xanthine:xanthine oxidase, XnOx, XO, XOD, XOR
ECTree
1.17.3.2 xanthine oxidaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Inhibitors
Inhibitors on EC 1.17.3.2 - xanthine oxidase
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INHIBITOR 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one
-
a flavone compound from Selaginellaceae with antiviral activity
1-O-(4''-O-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dihydroxy-2-(3',3'-dimethylallyl)benzene
-
-
2,4-dichloro-6-(2-phenyl-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)phenol
-
2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00022 mM
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00124 mM
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00019 mM; competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00020 mM
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline
-
2-amino-6-hydroxy-8-mercaptopurine
-
mixed-type inhibition, the inhibitor specifically blocks the enzyme activity with the drug 6-mercaptopurine, but does affect activity with xanthine and hypoxanthine to a lesser extent, overview
2-amino-6-purine thiol
-
competitive inhibitor, the inhibitor specifically blocks the enzyme activity with the drug 6-mercaptopurine, but does affect activity with xanthine and hypoxanthine to a lesser extent, overview
2-coumaric acid
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competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde
-
a resveratrol derivative
2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine
interacts with Arg880 in both active sites of the enzyme dimer, binding structure, overview
2-hydroxy-6-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
-
a resveratrol derivative
2-methoxycinnamic acid
-
competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
2-[3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid
-
i.e. febuxostat, TEI-6720, or TMX-67, mixed-type inhibition of both the oxidized and reduced form of xanthine oxidase
3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester
-
reversible inhibition, IC50: 0.0036 mM
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl dodecanoate
sigmoidal inhibition of superoxide anion formation
3-coumaric acid
-
competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
3-methoxycinnamic acid
-
competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
4'-methylether robustaflavone
-
a flavone compound from Selaginellaceae with antiviral activity
4-coumaric acid
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competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
4-Hydroxycoumarin
-
competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
4-methylesculetin
-
competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
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5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00051 mM
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00133 mM
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
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competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00013 mM
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00115 mM
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00036 mM
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.080016mM
6-(N-benzoylamino)purine
-
competitive, 50% inhibition at 0.00045 mM. Hydrogen bonding interaction involves N7 of the purine ring and N-H of R880, the N-H of the purine ring and OH of T1010
7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin
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low competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
7-hydroxycoumarin
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low competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
acacetin 7-O-(3-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
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flavone glucoside from Chrysanthemum sinense, 50% inhibition at 0.080 mM
aldehydes
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e.g. formaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, propionaldehyde, glycolaldehyde
amentoflavone
-
a flavone compound from Selaginellaceae with antiviral activity
anacardic acid
-
inhibits generation of superoxide radicals by xanthine oxicasein a sigmoidal inhibition, binds to allosteric sites near the xanthine-binding domain in xanthine oxidase
butyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
-
55.0% inhibition at 0.004 mM, competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
cassia oil
-
oral adminstration of cassia oil significantly reduces serum and hepatic urate levels in hyperuricemic mice. At 600 mg/kg, cassia oil is as potent as allopurinol. This hypouricemic effect is explained by inhibiting activities of liver xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase
chrysin
strong reversible competitive inhibition, inhibition mechanism. Chrysin interacts with the amino acid residues Leu648, Phe649, Glu802, Leu873,Ser876, Glu879, Arg880, Phe1009, Thr1010, Val1011 and Phe1013 located within the active cavity of the enzyme, insertion of chrysin into the active site occupying the catalytic center of xanthine oxidase to avoid the entrance of xanthine and causing conformational changes in the enzyme. Binding structure, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis, computational docking. Molecular modeling of enzyme-drug interaction
Cichorium intybus extract
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leaves from var. silvestre, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids show antioxidant activity, activity and contents of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids decrease by less than 20% during storage of the minimally processed red chicory products, inhibitory compound overview
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Cinnamic acid
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40.2% inhibition at 0.04 mM, competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
decyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
decyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation at0.097 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0039 mM
desferrioxamine
-
significant decrease in CN- formation from dibromoacetonitrile by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/Fe system
dimethylthiourea
-
significant decrease in rate of oxidation of dibromoacetonitrile by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/Fe system
esculetin
-
strong, competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
ferulic acid
-
competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
folic acid
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uncompetitive inhibition of oxidation of dibromoacetonitrile by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/Fe system
gallic acid
50% inhibition of urate formation above 0.2 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0026 mM
heptyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
hexyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
hexyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation above 0.2 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0052 mM
hydroxychavicol
-
i.e. 4-allyl-1,3-hydroxybenzene, a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor obtained from the leaves of betel, Piper betle. Structure-activity relationships, the dihydroxyl group is required for the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, overview
ioniceraflavone
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i.e. 5,5'',7,7''-tetrahydroxy-2,2''-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2'',3''-dihydro[3,6'']bichromenyl-4,4''-dione, from ethanolic leaf extracts of Lonicera hypoglauca
isoferulic acid
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competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
lithospermic acid
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isolated from roots of medicinal herb Salvia mitiorrhiza, the compound shows competitive enzyme inhibition activity and in vivo hypouricemic and anti-inflammatory effects in rats pretreated with uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate, overview
losartan
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in patients with coronary disease, losartan therapy reduces endothelium-bound xanthine oxidase activity likely contributing to improved endothelial function, enzyme inhibition with losartan does not improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation before
magnesium lithospermate B
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from Salvia miltiorrhiza, an eastern medical plant, i.e. Danshen or Dansham, competitive inhibition, the compound shows hypouricemic activity in vivo against potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricaemia in mice
mannitol
-
significant decrease in rate of oxidation of dibromoacetonitrile by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/Fe system
menthyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation above 0.2 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0049 mM
methyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-D-tyrosinate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosinate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-D-tryptophanate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-alaninate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-phenylalaninate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-tyrosinate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-(1H-inden-3-yl)-D-alaninate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-D-tyrosinate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosinate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-alaninate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-phenylalaninate
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methyl N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-tyrosinate
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N-(4''-carboxyphenyl)-N-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine
-
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N-acetyl-L-cysteine
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increased activity of xanthine oxidase in cells exposed to CoCl2 and subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species derived from enzyme activity, which results in accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Blockade of enzyme activity by allopurinol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or siRNA significantly attenuates expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and thus the induction of genes such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor
n-dodecyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation at 0.049 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0036 mM
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-D-tyrosine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-D-tryptophan
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-alanine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-phenylalanine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-tyrosine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-D-tyrosine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-alanine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-phenylalanine
-
N-[(2E)-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl]-L-tyrosine
-
octyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation at 0.262 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0045 mM
octyl protocatechuate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
orange juice
-
inhibits hepatic XOR activity and decreases serum uric acid levels and exhibits antioxidative and antihyperuricemic properties
-
pentyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
propyl caffeate
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
propyl gallate
50% inhibition of urate formation above 0.2 mM, 50% inhibition of superoxide anion generation at 0.0064 mM
protocatechuic acid
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
Pterines
-
or other heterocyclic compounds, which are either not oxidized or oxidized rather slowly
-
pycnogenol
-
extract from french maritime pine bark, contains 75% (w/w) procyanidins formed by catechin and epicatechin but also taxifolin and phenolcarbonic acids and their glycosides, uncompetitive inhibitor, 0.01 mg/ml, 35% inhibition, 0.1 mg/ml, 80% inhibition, enzyme recovers activity upon dissociation of pycnogenol from enzyme
-
Pyridine
-
highly reduced activity of xanthine oxidase in the presence of pyridine, overview
resveratrol
-
i.e. 5[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, found in grapes as well as in other plants, is a natural phytoalexin, which is biosynthesized in response to pathogenic attack or other stress conditions
robustaflavone
-
a flavone compound from Selaginellaceae with antiviral activity
scopoletin
-
low competitive inhibition and interaction with the molybdopterin region of the enzyme, structure-function relationship of coumarin derivatives in inhibition of the enzyme, structure-based computer-aided molecular modeling, overview
[4'-(4''-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1''-yl)-benzoylamino]-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
1-[3-cyano-4-(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
2-[(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(2-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(3-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-bromophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
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2-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
2-[(4-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
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2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
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2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-7-methyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(3-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(3-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(3-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
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7-methyl-2-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
7-methyl-2-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
-
-
allopurinol
-
competitive inhibition of oxidation of dibromoacetonitrile by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/Fe system
allopurinol
-
allopurinol is a conventional substrate that generates superoxide radicals during its oxidation to oxypurinol
allopurinol
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a suicide inhibitor of XOD, a pyrazolopyrimidine derivative, and an analogue of hypoxanthine
allopurinol
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inhibits xanthine and hypoxanthine oxidation in vivo in intestine and pancreas, but enhances the activity in liver, tissue-dependent effects, overview
allopurinol
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increased activity of xanthine oxidase in cells exposed to CoCl2 and subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species derived from enzyme activity, which results in accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Blockade of enzyme activity by allopurinol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or siRNA significantly attenuates expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and thus the induction of genes such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor
allopurinol
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enzyme inhibition with allopurinol does not improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation before
allopurinol
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i.e. 1, 5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine-4-one, allopurinol is a substrate and a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase, it binds irreversibly at the active site reducing molybdenum VI to IV, and it is used for treatment of hyperuricemia
allopurinol
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treatment of TO-2 hamsters with allopurinol inhibits both the decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio and the increase in malondialdehyde levels in the heart
allopurinol
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decreasesserum xanthine oxidase activity but increases liver xanthine oxidase activity significantly
allopurinol
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i.e. 1, 5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine-4-one, allopurinol is a substrate and a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase, it binds irreversibly at the active site reducing molybdenum VI to IV, and it is used for treatment of hyperuricemia
allopurinol
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treatment with the inhibitor improves nerve and vascular function in diabetic rats, sciatic nerve and superior cervical ganglion blood flow is halved by diabetes and allopurinol corrects this by approximately 63%, Ngamma-nitro-L-arginine acts as an antagonist, effects on diabetic and non-diabetic rats, overview
allopurinol
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i.e. 4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine, a purine analogue and a competitive inhibitor
alloxanthine
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a mechanism-based inhibitor, binding structure, overview. Inhibition mechanism involves binding to molybdenum, overview
apigenin
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mixed type inhibition of xanthine, strong inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, weak inhibition of monoamine oxidase
apigenin
binding structure, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis, computational docking
caffeic acid
competitive inhibition of urate and superoxide anion formation
caffeic acid
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42.8% inhibition at 0.04 mM, competitively inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site, have a protective effect against reactive oxygen species in cells, structure-function relationship, computational molecular docking, overview
diphenylene iodonium chloride
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inhibits nitrate reduction only when NADH is used as reducing substrate and does not inhibit nitrite generation when xanthine is used
diphenylene iodonium chloride
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strongly inhibits xanthine oxidase mediated NO generation with NADH serving as reducing substrate, with xanthine or 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as reducing substrates, NO generation is increased more than six times
febuxostat
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i.e. 2-[3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)-phenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid, a nonpurine-selective inhibitor used for management of hyperuricemia in patients with gout, effects of age and gender on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety, detailed overview
febuxostat
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i.e. 2-[3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, an anti-hyperuricaemia drug with low drug-drug interaction potential in clinical use, in vitro drug-drug interaction studies, using ibuprofen, verapamil, nitrendipine, captopril, bezafibrate, warfarin, and digoxin. Febuxostat does not influence the plasma protein binding, and the presence of ibuprofen or warfarin does not change the plasma protein binding of febuxostat of ibuprofen or warfarin, overview
febuxostat
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the inhibitor lowers uric acid and alleviates systemic and glomerular hypertension in experimental hyperuricaemia
formaldehyde
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determination and analysis of the structure of the formaldehyde-inhibited Mo(V) state of xanthine oxidase, overview
hesperetin
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i.e. 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone, major flavanone component of orange juice, inhibits hepatic XOR activity and decreases serum uric acid levels, exhibits antioxidative and antihyperuricemic properties
luteolin
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mixed type inhibition of xanthine, strong inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, weak inhibition of monoamine oxidase
oxypurinol
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inhibits NO generation triggered by xanthine, NADH or 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde
oxypurinol
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the suicide inhibitor allopurinol is oxidized to oxypurinol by XOR at the molybdenum cofactor, where oxypurinol then noncompetitively inhibits enzyme activity. Complete inhibition of free enzyme at 0.1 mM, 50% inhibition of heparin resin-bound enzyme
oxypurinol
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enzyme inhibition with oxypurinol improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation before
quercetin
structure analysis of quercetin in complex with the enzyme, overview. The inhibitor adopts a single orientation with its benzopyran moiety sandwiched between Phe 914 and Phe 1009 and ring B pointing toward the solvent channel leading to the molybdenum active center. The favorable steric complementarity of the conjugated three-ring structure of quercetin with the active site and specific hydrogen-bonding interactions of exocyclic hydroxy groups with catalytically relevant residues Arg 880 and Glu 802 correlate well with a previously reported structure-activity relationship of flavonoid inhibitors of xanthine oxidase
additional information
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NAD+ and diphenylene iodonium inhibit NADH-dependent superoxide formation of AtXDH1; NAD+ inhibits NADH-dependent superoxide formation of AtXDH1
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additional information
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study on the effect of food extracts on enzyme activity in vitro. Extract of black tea, extract of rooibus herbal tea, purple grape juice, extract of clove, and cranberry juice are inhibitory
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additional information
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enzyme inhibition by aqueous extract from Pieris brassicae larvae reared on Brassica oleracea L. var. costata, phenolic profiles of plant and insect larvae, overview. The extract shows an effective concentration-dependent protective activity against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, kinetics, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by (9Z,11E)-13-(hydroxyimino)octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9Z,11E)-13-oxooctadec-9,11-dienoic acid, (E)-12-nitrooctadec-12-enoic acid, (Z)-9-nitrooctadec-9-enoic acid, 9-nitrooctadecanoic acid, (E)-9-nitrooctadec-9-enamide, (E)-10-nitrooctadec-9-enamide, (E)-9-nitro-N'-biotinyl-octadec-9-enehydrazide, and (E)-10-nitro-N'-biotinyl-octadec-9-enehydrazide. Irreversible inhibition, e.g. by thiol reagents, including glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and dithiothreitol, inhibits XOR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition is specific to site of fatty acid nitration and conformation in vivo. Structure-function study, inhibition of electron transfer reactions at the molybdenum cofactor, overview
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additional information
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eugenol, methyleugenol, and dihydromethyleugenol are poor inhibitors
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additional information
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inhibitory effects of Tamus communis root extracts, traditionally used in folk medicine in Algeria and containing polyphenols and flavonoids, on the enzyme, extracts with methanol, chloroform, or ethyl acetate and distilled water as solvents, overview
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additional information
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xanthone derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, synthesis of a series of xanthone derivatives, overview. No inhibition by 8d, 8e, 8f, 8h, 8j, 8k, 8m, 8n, 8o, 8p, 8q, 8s, and 8t
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additional information
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synthesis and inhibitory activity of 7-methyl-2-(phenoxymethyl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives, molecular modeling and docking studies, overview
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additional information
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synthesis of some 5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors, molecular modeling using 5-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid and febuxostat, overview. No inhibition by 5-[4-(4-methylbenzyloxy)-3-nitrophenyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid and 5-[3-cyano-4-(4-methylbenzyloxy)phenyl]-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid
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additional information
rational design, synthesis, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 5,6-dihydropyrazolo/pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline derivatives, molecular docking into the enzyme's active site, structure activity relationship, overview. Mode of binding and important interactions such as hydrogen bonding, Pi-Pi stacking with amino acid residues like Ser876, Thr1010, Phen914, Phe1009, and Phe649 with close proximity to dioxothiomolybdenum
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additional information
xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of nicotino/isonicotinohydrazides, in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies, overview. No inhibition by N'-[(E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-phenylmethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(4-ethoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-fluorophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, and N'-[(E)-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
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additional information
synthesis and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives based on salvianolic acid C, mode of XO inhibition, molecular modeling, Structure-activity relationships, overview. Molecular docking simulations of compounds methyl-(E)-(3-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxybenzofuran-4-yl)acryloyl)-L-phenylalaninate, (E)-(3-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxybenzofuran-4-yl)acryloyl)-L-phenylalanine, and (E)-(3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-4-yl)acryloyl)-L-phenylalanine into the binding pocket of the bovine milk XDH/Febuxostat complex, PDB ID 1N5X
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additional information
chrysin and its structural analogue apigenin exhibit an additive effect on inhibition of the enzyme, computational docking, overview. Structurally, both chrysin and apigenin possess two-benzene rings, which is very important in the inhibition on the activity of xanthine oxidase, whereas apigenin possesses an extra C-4' hydroxy group which might be the main reason of causing different inhibition compared to chrysin
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additional information
effects of quercetin, kaempferol, (+) catechin, and (-) epicatechin on superoxide radical production through the modulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activities, structure-activity relationships, overview
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additional information
alkyl caffeates are strong antioxidants and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. Caffeic acid derivatives equally suppressed O2- generation, and the suppression is stronger than inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Suppression of O2- generation catalyzed by xanthine oxidase with caffeic acid derivatives is not due to enzyme inhibition or O2 - scavenging but due to the reduction of xanthine oxidase molecules. Alkyl caffeates are effective inhibitors of uric acid and O2- catalyzed by xanthine oxidase as well as antioxidants for edible oil
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additional information
natural flavonoids are attractive leads for rational design of preventive and therapeutic xanthine oxidase inhibitors due to their beneficial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities in addition to their micromolar inhibitory activities toward xanthine oxidase
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additional information
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the enzyme activity is not affected by smoking or gender
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additional information
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screening and characterization of 6-aminopurine-based xanthine oxidase inhibitors isolated from Triticum aestivum leaves water extracts, structure determination by mass spectrometry and NMR spectrometry analysis, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory potencies and cytotoxicity of resveratrol derivatives, no inhibition of xanthine oxidase by 4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-((E)-2-[4-(3-bromopropoxy)phenyl]ethenyl)-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde, ethyl (4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy)acetate, ethyl (4-((E)-2-[5-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy)-2-formyl-3-hydroxyphenyl]ethenyl)phenoxy)acetate, ethyl (4-((E)-2-[3,5-bis(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy)-2-formylphenyl]ethenyl)phenoxy)acetate, and 4-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-hydroxy-6-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzaldehyde, overview
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additional information
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synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as enzyme inhibitors, potencies of the compounds in enzyme inhibition and cell growth inhibition, overview
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additional information
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enzyme inhibition by flavonoids in stem and leaf extract of Sida rhombifolia or Sidaguri, a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant. Extract fraction analysis and inhibition kinetics, overview
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additional information
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development of a photodiode array chip-based xanthine assay for high-throughput screening of xanthiine oxidase inhibitors using a PDA microchip system, mechanism of drug action, enzyme-inhibitor interaction analysis, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory effects of Tamus communis root extracts, traditionally used in folk medicine in Algeria and containing polyphenols and flavonoids, on the enzyme, extracts with methanol, chloroform, or ethyl acetate and distilled water as solvents, overview
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additional information
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coumarin and dihydrocoumarin are poor inhibitors, measurement of combined reactive oxygen species-scavenging and xanthine oxidase-inhibition activities, 3D modeling of the docking of coumarin derivatives on xanthine oxidase, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory potency of Schiff base transition metal complexes, structures, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory effects of phenylpropanoids on DNA relaxation activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, and on iron-induced hydroxyl radical formation, hydroxyl radical-scavenger properties of the compounds, overview, 3D modelling of docking
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additional information
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ethanol leaf extracts of Lonicera hypoglauca, an endemic rattan growing in Taiwan, inhibits xanthine oxidase and reduces serum uric acid in mice, overview
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additional information
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inhibition of xanthine oxidase by thiosemicarbazones, hydrazones and dithiocarbazates derived from hydroxy-substituted benzaldehydes, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory effects of Tamus communis root extracts, traditionally used in folk medicine in Algeria and containing polyphenols and flavonoids, on the enzyme, extracts with methanol, chloroform, or ethyl acetate and distilled water as solvents, overview
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additional information
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alcoholic extract of air-dried aerial parts of the plant Paederia scandens has inhibitory activity on the enzyme and in vivo antihypouricemic activity in hyperuricemic rats pretreated with potassium oxonate, overview, no inhibition by benzbromarone and potassium oxonate
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additional information
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synthesis and inhibitory activity of 7-methyl-2-(phenoxymethyl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives, molecular modeling and docking studies, overview
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