1.17.1.4: xanthine dehydrogenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about xanthine dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.17.1.4
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1.17.1.4
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uric
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1.2.1.37
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1.1.1.204
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allopurinol
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environmental protection
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ureide
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1.1.3.22
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medicine
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1.2.3.1
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xanthinuria
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oxypurines
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butyrophilins
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synthesis
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hypouricemic
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agriculture
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biotechnology
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analysis
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nutrition
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molecular biology
- 1.17.1.4
-
uric
-
1.2.1.37
-
1.1.1.204
- allopurinol
- environmental protection
-
ureide
-
1.1.3.22
- medicine
-
1.2.3.1
-
xanthinuria
-
oxypurines
-
butyrophilins
- synthesis
-
hypouricemic
- agriculture
- biotechnology
- analysis
- nutrition
- molecular biology
Reaction
Synonyms
AtXDH1, EC 1.1.1.204, EC 1.2.1.37, IAO1, More, NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase, PaoABC, Retinol dehydrogenase, Rosy locus protein, VvXDH, xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine dehydrogenase-1, xanthine dehydrogenase-2, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, XDH, XDH/XO, XDH1, XDH2, XdhC, XOR, YagR, YagS, YagT
ECTree
1.17.1.4 xanthine dehydrogenaseAdvanced search results
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results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 1.17.1.4 - xanthine dehydrogenase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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mRNA expression increases 8-fold during the first 12 hr postinduction and subsequently declines to preinduction levels by day 3. Xanthine dehydrogenase activity is maximally induced at 24 hr postinduction, while xanthine oxidase activity remains relatively unchanged
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xanthine oxidoreductase is activated in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner following high tidal volume mechanical ventilation and is involved in resulting increased alveolar cell apoptosis
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exists preliminary as oxidase form, promotes oxidative incorporation of iron into mucosal transferrin, facilitates dietary iron absorption
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identification of zinc-binding protein identical to xanthine oxidoreductase of 85 kDa
additional information
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selenium is needed for xanthine dehydrogenase formation
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0.0025 mg/ml sodium tungstate in the growth medium reduces level of ferricyanide-linked enzyme to 3%
XDH1 is expressed in epidermal cells albeit at relatively lower levels compared with mesophyll cells
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XDH1 is expressed in epidermal cells albeit at relatively lower levels compared with mesophyll cells
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only oxidase type O form, can be converted to dehydrogenase type D by dithioerythritol
cold stress causes decrease, desiccation and senesence cause strong increase in activity
in leaf peroxisomes, the superoxide-generating form, xanthine oxidase XOD is predominant over the xanthine dehydrogenase form XDH, with a XDH/XOD ratio of 0.5. In crude extracts of pea leaves, the XDH form is more abundant, with a XDH/XOD ratio of 1.6
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XOR activity reduced by allopurinol treatment. Birds fed with inosine and allopurinol show lower total XOR activity in liver but no effect in kidney
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high oxidase and reductase activities at nearly the same rates
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the dehydrogenase form of liver xanthine oxidoreduxtase is intrinsically more efficient at generating superoxide anion radicals than the oxidase form, independently of the reducing substrat
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exists preliminary as dehydrogenase form, participates in mobilization of iron from ferritin stores
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lung xanthine oxidoreductase activity is significantly increased after 2 h of mechanical ventilation without changes in enzyme expression. Increase occurs via activation of p38 MAP kinase and ERK and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with ventilator-induced lung injury
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constitutive expression and high activity of XDH in non-malignant cells
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644555, 644564, 644567, 644587, 644588, 644595, 659210, 659580, 671830, 689276, 689277, 703626, 715273, 744450
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only oxidase type in stored milk, 94% NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase type in fresh milk
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xanthine oxidoreductase associated with milk phospholipid membranes was found to be distributed among an intra-membranous pool in which it takes the form of a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, with a clear predominance of xanthine dehydrogenase, and a free pool of xanthine oxidase, of which 33% is found in the outer surface of milk fat globule membrane, 20.5% in the outer surface of whey membrane particles, and the remaining 46.7% in apparent solution. The inner-membrane xanthine oxidoreductase may play a nonenzymatic role in fat secretion, whereas extramembranous xanthine oxidase is freely available for a role in the innate gland immune system and may affect milk quality
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five different forms in electrophoretic mobility, but no differences in kinetic constants
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selection of 11 rosy mutant strain, corresponding to single amino acid substitutions for detailed studies on the activities
additional information
tissue expression profile of gene XDH1, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, transcripts for XDH2 are much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. XDH1 gene expression is immediately upregulated after a blood meal in the fat body, midgut, and thorax. In the midgut, XDH1 transcript levels increase 10fold. In malpighian tubules, the XDH1 mRNA levels increase after blood feeding, reaching a peak at 18 h PBM, while XDH1 transcript levels in the ovary are constitutively expressed during the first gonotrophic cycle, with a slight increase occurring between 24 and 48 h and a decrease thereafter
additional information
tissue expression profile of gene XDH1, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, transcripts for XDH2 are much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. XDH1 gene expression is immediately upregulated after a blood meal in the fat body, midgut, and thorax. In the midgut, XDH1 transcript levels increase 10fold. In malpighian tubules, the XDH1 mRNA levels increase after blood feeding, reaching a peak at 18 h PBM, while XDH1 transcript levels in the ovary are constitutively expressed during the first gonotrophic cycle, with a slight increase occurring between 24 and 48 h and a decrease thereafter
additional information
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tissue expression profile of gene XDH1, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, transcripts for XDH2 are much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. XDH1 gene expression is immediately upregulated after a blood meal in the fat body, midgut, and thorax. In the midgut, XDH1 transcript levels increase 10fold. In malpighian tubules, the XDH1 mRNA levels increase after blood feeding, reaching a peak at 18 h PBM, while XDH1 transcript levels in the ovary are constitutively expressed during the first gonotrophic cycle, with a slight increase occurring between 24 and 48 h and a decrease thereafter
additional information
tissue expression profile of gene XDH2, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, for XDH2 ae much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. In the midgut and malpighian tubules, XDH2 mRNA levels increase over time, with peaks at 36 and 18 h, respectively. XDH2 gene expression in the fat body has peaks at 6, 18, 48, and 72 h PBM, whereas the XDH2 transcript levels in the thorax are significantly upregulated at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h PBM. In the ovary, XDH2 gene expression does not change significantly during the first gonotrophic cycle
additional information
tissue expression profile of gene XDH2, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, for XDH2 ae much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. In the midgut and malpighian tubules, XDH2 mRNA levels increase over time, with peaks at 36 and 18 h, respectively. XDH2 gene expression in the fat body has peaks at 6, 18, 48, and 72 h PBM, whereas the XDH2 transcript levels in the thorax are significantly upregulated at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h PBM. In the ovary, XDH2 gene expression does not change significantly during the first gonotrophic cycle
additional information
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tissue expression profile of gene XDH2, differential isozymes XDH1 and XDH2 gene tissue expression, for XDH2 ae much less abundant compared to XDH1 in most of the tissues, overview. In the midgut and malpighian tubules, XDH2 mRNA levels increase over time, with peaks at 36 and 18 h, respectively. XDH2 gene expression in the fat body has peaks at 6, 18, 48, and 72 h PBM, whereas the XDH2 transcript levels in the thorax are significantly upregulated at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h PBM. In the ovary, XDH2 gene expression does not change significantly during the first gonotrophic cycle
additional information
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enzyme tissue distribution, no age-dependent differences, overview
