1.13.11.69: carlactone synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carlactone synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.13.11.69
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1.13.11.69
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strigolactones
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shoot
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sls
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auxin
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tomato
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adventitious
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phytohormones
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weed
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phelipanche
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lycopersicum
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exude
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solanum
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orobanchol
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arbuscular
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mycorrhizal
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rhizosphere
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bushy
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internode
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abscisic
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tiller
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infestation
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decapitated
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epicotyls
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humidity
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ramosa
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meristem
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rootstocks
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photomorphogenesis
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broomrape
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sl-deficient
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teosinte
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aegyptiaca
- 1.13.11.69
- strigolactones
- shoot
- sls
- auxin
- tomato
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adventitious
-
phytohormones
-
weed
- phelipanche
- lycopersicum
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exude
-
solanum
-
orobanchol
-
arbuscular
-
mycorrhizal
-
rhizosphere
-
bushy
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internode
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abscisic
-
tiller
- infestation
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decapitated
-
epicotyls
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humidity
- ramosa
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meristem
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rootstocks
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photomorphogenesis
-
broomrape
-
sl-deficient
- teosinte
- aegyptiaca
Reaction
Synonyms
carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 a, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 b, CCD10a, CCD8, CCD8A, CCD8B, MAX4, MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 4, NCED8, PsCCD8, SlCCD8
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General Information
General Information on EC 1.13.11.69 - carlactone synthase
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malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
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transgenic SlCCD8 knockout lines display an increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of nodes and excessive adventitious root development. Transgenic lines show a reproductive phenotypes such as smaller flowers, fruits, as well as fewer and smaller seeds per fruit. Infestation by Phelipanche ramosa is reduced by 90% in lines with a relatively mild reduction in strigolactone biosynthesis and secretion while arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, apical dominance and fruit yield are only mildly affected
malfunction
the biochemical basis of the shoot branching phenotype is due to inhibition of enzyme CCD8
malfunction
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an enzyme mutant has morphological changes that includes dwarfing, excessive shoot branching and adventitious root formation. In addition, strigolactone-deficient mutants show a significant reduction in parasite (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) infestation compared to non-mutated tomato plants. In the mutated lines, orobanchol content is significantly reduced but total carotenoids level and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis are increased, as compared to control plants
malfunction
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enzymatic mutants show excess branching, which is suppressed by exogenously applied strigolactones. Phelipanche aegyptiaca infection is lower in the enzyme mutants than in wild type
malfunction
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enzyme mutants have increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of leaves and nodes, and reduced total plant biomass compared to wild type plants, however, the root-to-shoot ratio is unchanged. Enzyme mutations affect root morphology and affect plant senescence
malfunction
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enzyme silencing favors phosphorus retention in the root and reduces phosphorus and biomass accumulation in the shoot under low phosphate
malfunction
enzyme-knockout lines show enhanced caulonema growth and enhanced susceptibility to fungal infection
biosynthesis of strigolactones requires the action of two CCD enzymes, CCD7 (EC 1.13.11.68) and CCD8, which act sequentially on 9-cis-beta-carotene, strigolactone biosynthesis pathway from all-trans-beta-carotene to ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol, overview
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coexpression of the enzyme, CCD8, and carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase CCD7, EC 1.13.11.71, in Escherichia coli results in production of 13-apo-beta-carotenone. The sequential cleavages of beta-carotene by CCD7 and CCD8 are likely the initial steps in the synthesis of a carotenoid-derived signaling molecule that is necessary for the regulation lateral branching
physiological function
enzyme is involved in regulation of low phosphate stress responses. Mutants show lower anthocyanin content and longer primary root length. Mutant plants also display altered root architecture such as increased root-to-shoot ratio, lower lateral root number and root hair density compared with wild-type plants under low phosphate stress. Higher total phosphate contents are detected in shoots and roots of mutant plants than those of wild-type plants when subjected to low phosphate stress, which is associated, at least in part, with increase in expression of WRKY75 as well as AtPT1 and AtPT2 genes encoding high-affinity phosphate transporters
physiological function
gene disruption mutant reveals a modest increase in branching that contrasts with prominent pleiotropic changes that include marked reduction in stem diameter, reduced elongation of internodes, independent of carbon supply, and a pronounced delay in development of the centrally important, nodal system of adventitious roots
physiological function
loss-of-function mutants exhibit a significant decrease in petiole length and are highly branched. The axillary buds, which are typically delayed in growth in wild-type plants, grow out to produce leaves and inflorescences. The mutant plant have smaller rosette diameters due to a decrease in the lengths of petioles and leaf blades compared with wild-type plants. The phenotypes contribute to the bushy appearance of the mutants. The double mutant, additionally lacking carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase activity, EC 1.13.11.71, is phenotypically indistinguishable from either single mutant, indicating an interaction consistent with both genes functioning in the same pathway. Both classes of plants show a slight increase in inflorescence number compared with wild type
physiological function
mutations in the MAX4 gene of Arabidopsis result in increased and auxin-resistant bud growth. Increased branching in max4 shoots is restored to wild type by grafting to wild-type rootstocks, suggesting that MAX4 is required to produce a mobile branch-inhibiting signal, acting downstream of auxin
physiological function
reduction of enzyme expression by RNAi correlates with an increase in branch development and delayed senescence
physiological function
biosynthesis of strigolactones requires the action of two CCD enzymes, CCD7 (EC 1.13.11.68) and CCD8, which act sequentially on 9-cis-beta-carotene
physiological function
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the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8, CCD8, catalyzes a series of reactions and molecular rearrangements for biosynthesis of strigolactones, a class of phytohormones synthesized from carotenoids via carlactone. The complex structure of carlactone is not easily deducible from its precursor 9-cis-beta-apo-10'-carotenal, a cis-configured beta-carotene cleavage product. Carlactone and (2E,4E,6E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhepta-2,4,6-trienal, and reaction intermediates structure analysis by LC-MS and NMR, overview
physiological function
isoform CCD8a is involved in bulbil outgrowth
physiological function
isoform CCD8b is involved in bulbil outgrowth
physiological function
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the enzyme facilitates plant tolerance to phosphate limitation
physiological function
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the enzyme plays an important role in the development of branches and inhibits the growth of axillary buds by up-regulating its downstream gene, BRC1