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(S)-malate + NAD(P)+
pyruvate + CO2 + NAD(P)H
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
(S)-malate + NADP+
?
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
oxaloacetate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
Pyruvate + CO2
Oxaloacetate
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH
?
-
at 5.4% of the activity of NADP-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of malate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(S)-malate + NAD(P)+
pyruvate + CO2 + NAD(P)H
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD(P)+
pyruvate + CO2 + NAD(P)H
the unique and specialized C4-type enzyme has evolved fro the C3-type enzyme
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
at 39% of the activity with NADP+
-
ir
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
lower activity than with NADP+
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
low activity with NAD+ as cofactor
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
NADP+ is preferred over NAD+
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
when the R221G/K228R/I310V mutant is used with NADH, the mutant gives 1.2 and 2.7 times higher malate concentration than the wild-type with NADPH and NADH, respectively. These results can be partly explained by the alteration of the cofactor preference of the mutant enzyme, since the half-life of NADH is approximately 1.3times longer than that of NADPH at 50°C. However, the Km of the triple mutant for NAD+ remains 190times higher than that of the wild-type for NADP+
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NAD+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
NADP-ME2 is the isozyme with the highest catalytic efficiency for the reverse reaction, while NADP-ME4 presents higher kcat for the reverse reaction than for the forward reaction
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?, r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
during the catalytic process of malic enzyme, binding metal ion induces a conformational change within the enzyme from the open form to an intermediate form, which upon binding of L-malate, transforms further into a catalytically competent closed form, overview
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-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
via oxaloacetate, roles of Tyr91 and Lys162 in general acid-base catalysis in the pigeon NADP+-dependent malic enzyme, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
MEs are essential enzymes for growth on TCA cycle intermediates or on substrates that enter central metabolism via acetyl-coenzyme A, the reaction plays a role in the C4 metabolism, regulation, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the reaction plays a role in the C4 metabolism, pathway regulation, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
AF288898, AF288899
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
AF288900, AF288901, AF288902, Q93ZK8 -
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
AF288904, AF288905
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
enzyme plays a specialized role in bundle sheath chloroplasts, where it provides CO2 for fixation by EC 4.1.1.39
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
carboxyl is replaced by hydrogen without net change of configuration
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
enzyme plays a specialized role in bundle sheath chloroplasts, where it provides CO2 for fixation by EC 4.1.1.39
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the reverse reaction is catalyzed at 84% of the activity
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
weak reaction
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
NADP-ME provides a high CO2 concentration for Rubisco fixation in the C4 leaf chloroplasts, regulation of isozyme Hvme1, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
regulation of isozyme Hvme3, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
no day/night regulation of the isozyme 2 in leaves via expression level but by metabolite inhibition, overview
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
the enzyme is rate-limiting step for fatty acid biosynthesis in oleaginous fungi in which the extent of lipid accumulation is below the maximum possible, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the only enzyme that can provide NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis in oleaginous microorganisms, isozyme E, which arises from isoform D, is associated with lipid accumulation, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
the enzyme is rate-limiting step for fatty acid biosynthesis in oleaginous fungi in which the extent of lipid accumulation is below the maximum possible, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
major role of the enzyme is believed to be the supplier of NADPH for the reductive steps of lipogenesis
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
Pigeon
-
Arg residue is involved in the binding of C-1 carboxyl group of malate
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
Pigeon
-
the singly-ionized species is the substrate, doubly-ionized malate is unreactive
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the cycling of pyruvate by isozyme ME1 generates cytosolic NADPH
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
reaction velocity is 29times higher in the direction of decarboxylation than in the direction of the carboxylation
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
enzyme is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in oil seed leucoplasts, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
decarboxylation is favoured
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
NADP+ is preferred over NAD+
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
salmon
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
ir
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
responsible for pyruvate and NADPH production
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
responsible for pyruvate and NADPH production
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
enzyme plays a specialized role in bundle sheath chloroplasts, where it provides CO2 for fixation by EC 4.1.1.39
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
-
the C4 isozyme takes part in the C4 and CAM photosynthetic metabolisms, overview
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
the enzyme probably operates in the direction of pyruvate and NADPH production under physiological conditions
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
the enzyme probably operates in the direction of pyruvate and NADPH production under physiological conditions
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
the enzyme demonstrates 4.7fold higher activity in the direction of malate decarboxylation compared with pyruvate carboxylation
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
Mnium undulatum
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs
-
-
r
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate + NADP+
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2
-
oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs
-
-
r
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
r
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
at 1.3% of the rate of NADP+-linked oxidative decarboxylation
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
Pigeon
-
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
no activity
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
?
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
at 84% of the activity of the NADP+-linked oxidative decarboxylation of malate
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
6% of the activity of the NADP+-linked oxidative decarboxylation of malate
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
Pigeon
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
reaction velocity is 29times higher in the direction of decarboxylation than in the direction of the carboxylation
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH
L-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
the reverse reaction is very slow
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
the reverse reaction is very slow
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
r
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
(S)-malate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is a supplier of reducing power in form of reduced NADPH for lipid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is a supplier of reducing power in form of reduced NADPH for lipid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288898
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288899
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288900
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288901
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288902
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288904
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288905
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288906
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288911
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288916
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AF288917
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation and physiological roles of the isozymes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cell-specific regulation and transcription of the malic enzyme gene, cell-specific differences in T3 responsiveness of the malic enzyme gene are mediated in large part by by nonreceptor proteins that augment the transcriptional activity of the nuclear T3 receptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one may speculate that in vivo the reaction catalyzed by cytosolic enzyme supplies dicarboxylic acids, anaplerotic function, for the formation of neurotransmitters while the mitochondrial enzyme regulates the flux rate via Krebs cycle by disposition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cataplerotic function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme does not use NAD+ and does not show activity of oxaloacetate decarboxylation. NaHCO3 does not serve as a CO2 donor for carboxylation of pyruvate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Mnium undulatum
-
comparison of enzyme activity in different species under different conditions, significant differences in the accumulation of malate between day and night, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the isozyme pattern is similar in Nicotiana benthamiana wild-type plants and transgenic plants, expressing potyviral helper component protease HC-pro or Potato virus Y strain NTN, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in the mechanism of stomatal closure as well as in a potential mechanism for genetic altering plant water use
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
comparison of enzyme activity in different species under different conditions, significant differences in the accumulation of malate between day and night, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
comparison of enzyme activity in different species under different conditions, significant differences in the accumulation of malate between day and night, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
comparison of enzyme activity in different species under different conditions, significant differences in the accumulation of malate between day and night, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with NAD+
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme additionally catalyzes decarboxylation of oxalacetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
TME is not capable of N2 fixation probably due to a constantly high ratio of NADPH + H+ to NADP+ in nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the specific activity falls rapidly as the fruit ripens
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
malic enzymes can reversibly catalyze the NAD(P)H-dependent reductive carboxylation of pyruvate to malate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
malic enzymes can reversibly catalyze the NAD(P)H-dependent reductive carboxylation of pyruvate to malate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
when the R221G/K228R/I310V mutant is used with NADH, the mutant gives 1.2 and 2.7 times higher malate concentration than the wild-type with NADPH and NADH, respectively. These results can be partly explained by the alteration of the cofactor preference of the mutant enzyme, since the half-life of NADH is approximately 1.3times longer than that of NADPH at 50°C. However, the Km of the triple mutant for NAD+ remains 190times higher than that of the wild-type for NADP+
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when the R221G/K228R/I310V mutant is used with NADH, the mutant gives 1.2 and 2.7 times higher malate concentration than the wild-type with NADPH and NADH, respectively. These results can be partly explained by the alteration of the cofactor preference of the mutant enzyme, since the half-life of NADH is approximately 1.3times longer than that of NADPH at 50°C. However, the Km of the triple mutant for NAD+ remains 190times higher than that of the wild-type for NADP+
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme belongs to the prokaryotic small subunit-type family of malic enzymes being achieved by a horizontal gene transfer from an eubacterium to the ancestor of Trichomonas vaginalis, enzyme occurs besides the eukaryotic large subunit-type enzyme in the organism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme does not decarboxylate oxaloacetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme belongs to the prokaryotic small subunit-type family of malic enzymes being achieved by a horizontal gene transfer from an eubacterium to the ancestor of Trichomonas vaginalis, enzyme occurs besides the eukaryotic large subunit-type enzyme in the organism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme does not decarboxylate oxaloacetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is regulated by light and dithiols, such as dithioerythritol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in the mechanism of stomatal closure as well as in a potential mechanism for genetic altering plant water use
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
diurnal effects of an enhanced chloroplastic NADP-ME activity on metabolite levels, overview
-
-
?